Anatomy - Resp

Question 1

6 organs of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs-alveoli

Question 2

where does gas exchange btwn blood and external environment occur?

Answer 2

only in the alveoli in the lungs

Question 3

where does the upper respiratory tract have passage ways from?

Answer 3

nose to the larynx

Question 4

where does the lower respiratory tract have passage ways from?

Answer 4

the trachea to alveoli

Question 5

what do the passageways to the lungs do to incoming air?

Answer 5

purify, humidify and warm the incoming air

Question 6

what divides the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

the nasal septum

Question 7

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

Answer 7

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

Question 8

what is the larynx also known as?

Answer 8

the voice box

Question 9

what is the pharynx commonly called?

Answer 9

the throat

Question 10

what are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 10

• routes air and food into proper channels
• plays a role in speech

Question 11

where is the larynx located?

Answer 11

inferior to the pharynx

Question 12

what is the larynx made of?

Answer 12

• 8 ridged hyaline cartilages
• thyroid cartilage (adams apple) is the largest

Question 13

what is the trachea commonly known as?

Answer 13

the windpipe

Question 14

what does the trachea connect to?

Answer 14

4 inch long tube that connects to the larynx

Question 15

what are the walls of the trachea reinforced with?

Answer 15

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 16

what is the trachea lined with?

Answer 16

-lined with mucosa
-cilia beat in a superior direction
-goblet cells produce mucus

Question 17

what is the main bronchi formed by?

Answer 17

the division of the trachea

Question 18

where does each bronchus enter the lung?

Answer 18

at the hilum (medial depression)

Question 19

what is the difference btwn the right and left bronchus?

Answer 19

the right is wider, shorter and straighter than the left

Question 20

what cavity are the lungs located in?

Answer 20

they occupy the entire thoracic cavity except for the central mediastinum

Question 21

where is the apex of each lung located?

Answer 21

near the clavicle (superior portion)

Question 22

where do the base of the lungs rest?

Answer 22

on the diaphragm

Question 23

what divides the lobes of the lungs?

Answer 23

fissures. left lung has 2 lobes, right lung has 3 lobes

Question 24

what are the 4 events of respiration?

Answer 24

1. pulmonary ventilation
2. external respiration
3. respiratory gas transport
4. internal respiration

Question 25

what happens during pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 25

moving air into the lungs (commonly called breathing)

Question 26

what happens during external respiration?

Answer 26

gas exchange btwn pulmonary blood and alveoli
- oxygen is loaded into the blood
- carbon dioxide is unloaded from the blood

Question 27

what happens during respiratory gas transport?

Answer 27

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream

Question 28

what happens during internal respiration?

Answer 28

gas exchange btwn blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries

Question 29

what covers the outer surface of the lungs?

Answer 29

serosa
- pulmonary (visceral) pleura covers the lung surface
- parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

Question 30

what is in the area btwn layers of the lungs?

Answer 30

pleural fluid
- allows the lungs to glide over the thorax
- decreases friction during breathing

Question 31

pleural space is?

Answer 31

(btwn the layers) more of a potential space

Question 32

where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 32

the respiratory zone

Question 33

what are the 4 structures in the respiratory zone?

Answer 33

• respiratory bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveolar sacs
• alveoli (air sacs)

Question 34

what are alveoli?

Answer 34

• simple squamous epithelial cells largely compose the walls
• alveolar pores connect neighboring air sacs

Question 35

what are macrophages?

Answer 35

• dust cells
• add protection by picking up bacteria, carbon particles and other debris

Question 36

what are surfactant-secreting cells?

Answer 36

• surfactant (a lipid molecule)
• coats gas-exposed alveolar surfaces

Question 37

what is the chemical equation for Oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 37

Hb+O2 –> HbO2