Anatomy - Resp Flashcards
6 organs of the respiratory system
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs-alveoli
where does gas exchange btwn blood and external environment occur?
only in the alveoli in the lungs
where does the upper respiratory tract have passage ways from?
nose to the larynx
where does the lower respiratory tract have passage ways from?
the trachea to alveoli
what do the passageways to the lungs do to incoming air?
purify, humidify and warm the incoming air
what divides the nasal cavity?
the nasal septum
what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
what is the larynx also known as?
the voice box
what is the pharynx commonly called?
the throat
what are the functions of the larynx?
- routes air and food into proper channels
- plays a role in speech
where is the larynx located?
inferior to the pharynx
what is the larynx made of?
- 8 ridged hyaline cartilages
- thyroid cartilage (adams apple) is the largest
what is the trachea commonly known as?
the windpipe
what does the trachea connect to?
4 inch long tube that connects to the larynx
what are the walls of the trachea reinforced with?
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
what is the trachea lined with?
-lined with mucosa
-cilia beat in a superior direction
-goblet cells produce mucus
what is the main bronchi formed by?
the division of the trachea
where does each bronchus enter the lung?
at the hilum (medial depression)
what is the difference btwn the right and left bronchus?
the right is wider, shorter and straighter than the left
what cavity are the lungs located in?
they occupy the entire thoracic cavity except for the central mediastinum
where is the apex of each lung located?
near the clavicle (superior portion)
where do the base of the lungs rest?
on the diaphragm
what divides the lobes of the lungs?
fissures. left lung has 2 lobes, right lung has 3 lobes
what are the 4 events of respiration?
- pulmonary ventilation
- external respiration
- respiratory gas transport
- internal respiration
what happens during pulmonary ventilation?
moving air into the lungs (commonly called breathing)
what happens during external respiration?
gas exchange btwn pulmonary blood and alveoli
- oxygen is loaded into the blood
- carbon dioxide is unloaded from the blood
what happens during respiratory gas transport?
transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
what happens during internal respiration?
gas exchange btwn blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
what covers the outer surface of the lungs?
serosa
- pulmonary (visceral) pleura covers the lung surface
- parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
what is in the area btwn layers of the lungs?
pleural fluid
- allows the lungs to glide over the thorax
- decreases friction during breathing
pleural space is?
(btwn the layers) more of a potential space
where does gas exchange occur?
the respiratory zone
what are the 4 structures in the respiratory zone?
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli (air sacs)
what are alveoli?
- simple squamous epithelial cells largely compose the walls
- alveolar pores connect neighboring air sacs
what are macrophages?
- dust cells
- add protection by picking up bacteria, carbon particles and other debris
what are surfactant-secreting cells?
- surfactant (a lipid molecule)
- coats gas-exposed alveolar surfaces
what is the chemical equation for Oxyhemoglobin?
Hb+O2 –> HbO2
