Anatomy Resit Flashcards
What are the Ligaments of the elbow
Ulner collateral
Radial collateral
Annular ligament
Main muscles that flex the elbow
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Main muscles that extend the elbow
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
What type of joint is the elbow joint and what are its articulations
Synovial hinge joint and the articulations are the distal humerus and proximal ulna
What are the main bony points of the elbow
Radius, humerus, ulna, olecranon
What type of joint is the wrist and what are its articulations.
Condyloid joint- allows for flexion, extension and a little bit of ulner and radial deviation
Articulations are distal end of radius and scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
Main joints of the shoulder
Sternoclavicular
Glenohumeral
Acromioclavicular
Scapulothoracic
What type of joint is the shoulder and what are the articulations
Synovial multi axial ball and socket joint and the articulations are the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa
Describe the structure and function of the glenoid labrum
Made out of fibrocartilage it deepens the socket because it is an unstable joint also reduces friction and helps absorb shock
What are the major ligaments of the shoulder complex
Acromioclavicular ligament
Sternoclavicular ligament
3 glenohumeral ligaments
Coracoclavicular ligament
What are the rotator cuff muscles and explain there function
Supraspinatus, teres minor, subscap, Infraspinatus
All muscles act as dynamic stabilisers and act as accessory ligaments
What are the movements of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle
Shoulder joint- flexion, Extension, internal/external rotation, abduction, aduction
Shoulder girdle- elevation, depression, protraction, retraction
Muscles of spine flexion
Rectus abdominus
External/internal oblique
Psoas major
Muscles of spine flexion
Rectus abdominus
External/internal oblique
Psoas major
Muscles of spine extension
Erector spinae muscles
Multifidi
Quadratus lumborum
Rotatores
Muscles of spine lateral flexion
Erector spinae, multifidi, quadratus lumborum, external/internal oblique
Muscles of spine rotation
Multifidi
External/internal oblique
Rotators
Rotator cuff muscles
Subscap
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus
Flexion of shoulder joint muscles
Deltoid
Coracobrachiallis
Biceps brachii
Pec major
Muscles that abduct the shoulder girdle
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Wrist muscles
Flexor Carpi radialis
Palmaris Longus
Elbow muscles
Brachialis
Anconeus
Wrist supination and pronation muscles
Supinator
Biceps brachii
What are the major bony points of a typical vertebra
Spinous process
Lamina
Pedicle
Vertebral body
Transverse process
Posterior tubercle
Anterior tubercle
Vertebral foremen
Super articular process
Describe the structure and function of the intervertebral disc
Made out of fibrocartilage. Helps with lubrication, shock absorption and reduces friction
Describe the structure of the atlas and axis complex
Atlas is a ring of bone it’s got no vertebral body, no spinous process and sits on top of the axis on the dens
What muscles elevate the shoulder girdle
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid
What muscles protract the shoulder girdle
Serratus anterior
Pec major
Pec minor
Which muscles retract the shoulder girdle
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus Dorsi
What are the muscles used for shoulder extension
Deltoid
Lattisimus dorsi
Teres major
