Anatomy Random Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the mesorectum
Anterior/post/med/lat – fascial boundary surrounding the fat immediately around the rectum
If you can’t seen the fascial boundaries:
- Post – anterior edge of presacral space
- Ant – gyne/GU structures +1cm where the bladder is to account for filling variation
- Lat – medial edge of the levator ani (lower pelvis) and pelvic brim (in upper pelvis)
- Superior – transition to sigmoid from rectum
- Inferior – anorectal junction
Cervix: what are the boundaries of the parametria?
ant: bladder wall
Post: mesorectal fascia
Laterally: internal obtrurators or pelvic sidewall
Sup: broad ligament
Inf: urogenital ligament
cervix: what is included in CTV45:
upper half of vagina, uterus, parametria, pelvic nodes (int/ext iliac, obtrurator, presacral; to aortic bifurcation unless lesion is less than 4cm then do not include common iliacs. (NOTE: DOES NOT INCLUDE 1CM OF BLADDER BC WE MAKE AN ITV, UNLIKE IN PROSTATE OR RECTUM)
-> if ≥ node at common iliac or above or ≥3 pathologic nodes, then contour 3cm cranial to the highest pathologic node , or at the minimum level L2.
Breast: what is CTV seroma?
A: Lumpectomy bed and surgical clips + 1cm, carve off anterior surface of pec muscles and 5mm off skin, not crossing midline (Alliance). PTV = 7mm (excluding heart).
Where does the styloid process come off of?
The mastoid LOL
What structures pass through the parotid gland?
facial nerve (CN7)
external carotid
stensen’s duct (parotid duct)
5 benign conditions which may cause clubbing:
Sarcoidosis, ILD, IBD, cirrhosis, and TB (chronic infection leading to hypoxia)
Why do patients get a virchow node
bc thoracic duct empties into the left subclavian vein = supraclav node: from thoracic and GI tumors.
Ddx spinal tumor:
Intramedullary tumor: ddx: ependymoma, glioma, metastasis, medulloblastoma
Intradural: lepto, schwannoma, meningioma
Diagnosis of NF1, what is it associated with? What about NF2?
NF1: lisch nodules eye, neurofibromas, cafe au lait maccules (more than 6), axillary freckling, optic glioma; MPNST
NF2: bilateral vestibular schwannomas!!!!!!
Ddx of lytic bone lesions:
Fibrous dysplasia
Osteoblastoma
Giant cell tumor
Metastasis/Myelona
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Chondroblastoma
Hyperparathyroidism
Infection
Non-ossifying fibroma
Enchondroma
Simple bone cyst
Ddx malignant paranasal sinus tumors:
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, SCC, salivary carcinoma, lymphoma, SNUC, sarcoma, esthesioneuoblastoma
Immediate management of SCVO
elevate bed, oxygen, steroids, stent, start RT/chemo
Ddx solitary lung nodule
Malignant: primary NCLC vs SCLC vs Met
Benign: infectious: tb, granulomatous disease, fungal infection vs benign: hamartoma, hemhorrage, abscess, round pneumonia, sarcoidosis
Which branch of VII innervates taste and joins the lingual branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Chorda Tympani
First echelon LN drainage for:
Cervix
Helix
Anal canal
BOT
Cervix = external iliac
Helix = pre-auricular
Ing Anal canal = inguinal femoral: below the dentate line
BOT = jugulodiagstric nodes: 2,3,4
Lacrimal gland tumor and ddx
adenocarcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoid, orbital pseudotumor, infection
What radiographic lung parynchyma findings from breast radiaiton?
Ground glass opacities, lung fibrosis, airspace consolidation
What syndrome has multiple mucosal hyperpigmented maccules and on lips? What cancers and other condition is this associated with?
Peutz-Jeugers Syndrome: multiple colon polyps as well. Associated with CRC, small bowel, breast cancer.
