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Flashcards > Anatomy Quiz 2 Review > Flashcards

Anatomy Quiz 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What does the skin and its tissues include?

A

Skin (including its vascularity), hair, nails, glands, specialized receptors

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2
Q

Study of skin

A

Dermatology

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3
Q

Why is the skin an organ system?

A

A group of different tissues performing one function; different organs working together for same functions

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4
Q

What is the homeostasis of body temp?

A

Sweat and blood flow

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5
Q

What does the skin protect?

A

Protects water loss from the body
Protects from abrasion, bacteria, dehydration, UV light

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6
Q

What do the nerves sense on the skin?

A

Temp, touch, pressure, pain

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7
Q

What does the skin secrete in small amounts?

A

Salts, organic wastes (urea)

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8
Q

What does the skin provide some immunity against?

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

What helps produce lysozome (aids in Ca2 and Phosphorus production)?

A

Synthesis is vitamin D

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10
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Bottom layer of cells that divide

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12
Q

Keratinization

A

Older cells pushed up from the stratum basale and harden as cells die and percentage of keratin increases.

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13
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Top layer of dead keratinized cells

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14
Q

Melanin

A

Dark pigment that absorbs UV light, produced by melanocytes

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15
Q

Basement membrane

A

Connects epidermis and dermis

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16
Q

Dermis

A

Inner layer of loose connective tissue including: collagen, elastin fibers, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and nerves

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17
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Projections of dermis making an uneven edge between epidermis and dermis. Forms fingerprints

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18
Q

Macrophages

A

Wandering “eater cells”

19
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissues binding skin (dermis) to underlying tissue

20
Q

Calluses and corns

A

Increased mitosis where skin rubs in thickened areas

21
Q

Pressure ulcer

A

“Bed sores” - blood flow to the skin interrupted by pressure from maintaining one position too long. Cells die and tissues break down (necrosis)

22
Q

Nails

A

Function to protection the fingers

23
Q

Lunula

A

Half-moon region of fasted cell division, new cells highly keratinized

24
Q

Hair follicles

A

Tube like depression that holds hair

25
Q

Hair root

A

Produce new cells by mitosis, old cells pushed toward surface and die

26
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce pigment

27
Q

What type of hair contains trichosiderin?

A

Red/ginger hair

28
Q

What muscle causes goosebumps?

A

Arrector pili muscle contracts

29
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands

30
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Water, salt, urea, and uric acid. Function is to cool the body

31
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Axillary regions, groin. Active when upset, frightened, or in pain

32
Q

Cerminous glands

A

Modified to secrete ear wax

33
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce sebum (oil)

34
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

Touch receptors; superficial

35
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Pressure receptors; deep

36
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Free nerve endings for temperature

37
Q

Pain receptors

A

Free nerve endings for pain

38
Q

Hypothermia

A

95F - loss of coordination, stiff muscles, confusion, fatigue, slow, shallow breathing, bluish-gray skin - 87.8F

39
Q

Inflammation

A

Swelling due to blood vessel dilation, fluids leave vessels carrying nutrients and oxygen

40
Q

1st degree

A

Epidermal cells only, redness and some swelling, heals in up to 2 weeks with no scarring

41
Q

2nd degree

A

Destroys some epidermis and some dermis, blisters, colored from deep red to white, heals by accessory organ’s Epithelial mitosis

42
Q

3rd degree

A

Destroys epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs, skin dry and leathery, red to black to white, heals from epithelial cells spreading in from the margins or transplant

43
Q

Carcinomas

A

Basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma

44
Q

Melanomas

A

Malignant melanomas or melanocarcinomas. Uncommon - about 5% of skin cancers. Originates in melanocytes. Fast growing and spreads. Characteristics: asymmetry, border irregulatiry, color uneven, diameter larger than a pencil eraser. Any mole that changes, itches, or bleeds.

Flashcards (3 decks)

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