Anatomy Quiz 2 Review

Question 1

What does the skin and its tissues include?

Answer 1

Skin (including its vascularity), hair, nails, glands, specialized receptors

Question 2

Study of skin

Answer 2

Dermatology

Question 3

Why is the skin an organ system?

Answer 3

A group of different tissues performing one function; different organs working together for same functions

Question 4

What is the homeostasis of body temp?

Answer 4

Sweat and blood flow

Question 5

What does the skin protect?

Answer 5

Protects water loss from the body
Protects from abrasion, bacteria, dehydration, UV light

Question 6

What do the nerves sense on the skin?

Answer 6

Temp, touch, pressure, pain

Question 7

What does the skin secrete in small amounts?

Answer 7

Salts, organic wastes (urea)

Question 8

What does the skin provide some immunity against?

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

What helps produce lysozome (aids in Ca2 and Phosphorus production)?

Answer 9

Synthesis is vitamin D

Question 10

Epidermis

Answer 10

Outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

Stratum Basale

Answer 11

Bottom layer of cells that divide

Question 12

Keratinization

Answer 12

Older cells pushed up from the stratum basale and harden as cells die and percentage of keratin increases.

Question 13

Stratum corneum

Answer 13

Top layer of dead keratinized cells

Question 14

Melanin

Answer 14

Dark pigment that absorbs UV light, produced by melanocytes

Question 15

Basement membrane

Answer 15

Connects epidermis and dermis

Question 16

Dermis

Answer 16

Inner layer of loose connective tissue including: collagen, elastin fibers, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and nerves

Question 17

Dermal papillae

Answer 17

Projections of dermis making an uneven edge between epidermis and dermis. Forms fingerprints

Question 18

Macrophages

Answer 18

Wandering “eater cells”

Question 19

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 19

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissues binding skin (dermis) to underlying tissue

Question 20

Calluses and corns

Answer 20

Increased mitosis where skin rubs in thickened areas

Question 21

Pressure ulcer

Answer 21

“Bed sores” - blood flow to the skin interrupted by pressure from maintaining one position too long. Cells die and tissues break down (necrosis)

Question 22

Nails

Answer 22

Function to protection the fingers

Question 23

Lunula

Answer 23

Half-moon region of fasted cell division, new cells highly keratinized

Question 24

Hair follicles

Answer 24

Tube like depression that holds hair

Question 25

Hair root

Answer 25

Produce new cells by mitosis, old cells pushed toward surface and die

Question 26

Melanocytes

Answer 26

Cells that produce pigment

Question 27

What type of hair contains trichosiderin?

Answer 27

Red/ginger hair

Question 28

What muscle causes goosebumps?

Answer 28

Arrector pili muscle contracts

Question 29

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 29

Sweat glands

Question 30

Eccrine glands

Answer 30

Water, salt, urea, and uric acid. Function is to cool the body

Question 31

Apocrine glands

Answer 31

Axillary regions, groin. Active when upset, frightened, or in pain

Question 32

Cerminous glands

Answer 32

Modified to secrete ear wax

Question 33

Sebaceous glands

Answer 33

Produce sebum (oil)

Question 34

Meissner's corpuscles

Answer 34

Touch receptors; superficial

Question 35

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 35

Pressure receptors; deep

Question 36

Thermoreceptors

Answer 36

Free nerve endings for temperature

Question 37

Pain receptors

Answer 37

Free nerve endings for pain

Question 38

Hypothermia

Answer 38

95F - loss of coordination, stiff muscles, confusion, fatigue, slow, shallow breathing, bluish-gray skin - 87.8F

Question 39

Inflammation

Answer 39

Swelling due to blood vessel dilation, fluids leave vessels carrying nutrients and oxygen

Question 40

1st degree

Answer 40

Epidermal cells only, redness and some swelling, heals in up to 2 weeks with no scarring

Question 41

2nd degree

Answer 41

Destroys some epidermis and some dermis, blisters, colored from deep red to white, heals by accessory organ's Epithelial mitosis

Question 42

3rd degree

Answer 42

Destroys epidermis, dermis, and accessory organs, skin dry and leathery, red to black to white, heals from epithelial cells spreading in from the margins or transplant

Question 43

Carcinomas

Answer 43

Basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma

Question 44

Melanomas

Answer 44

Malignant melanomas or melanocarcinomas. Uncommon - about 5% of skin cancers. Originates in melanocytes. Fast growing and spreads. Characteristics: asymmetry, border irregulatiry, color uneven, diameter larger than a pencil eraser. Any mole that changes, itches, or bleeds.