Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AE > Anatomy Pt 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many pulmonary veins empty oxygenated blood into the left atrium?

A
  • 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structure is responsible for delivering the signal to the muscle of the ventricles?

A
  • Purkinje fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What vessel drains the coronary blood from the right ventricle?

A
  • Small cardiac vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What causes the coronary sinus to dilate?

A
  • Increased right atrial pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the atria doing during diastole?

A
  • Emptying into the ventricles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What portion of the aorta is located below the diaphragm?

A
  • Descending abdominal aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which valve is the most inferior in the heart?

A
  • Tricuspid valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is true regarding the correlation of electrical stimulus and mechanical function?

A
  • There is a slight delay between electrical stimulus and mechanical systole in all patients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What portion of the aorta is located between the innominate artery and the left subclavian artery?

A
  • Arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cardiac chamber is closest to the spine?

A
  • Left atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The pulmonary artery flow normally demonstrates a _____ due to _____ flow when compared to the aortic flow.

A
  • Longer acceleration time, lower resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What term refers to a thin central portion of the interatrial septum in an adult patient?

A
  • Fossa ovalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In most patients, the posterior descending coronary artery originates from the?

A
  • Right coronary artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the oblique sinus?

A
  • Posterior to the left atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many papillary muscles are normally in the left ventricle?

A
  • 2 papillary muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The IVRT begins after the ____ on the EKG and the IVCT begins after the ______ on the EKG.

A
  • T wave, R wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the IVRT?

A
  • Time from closure of the aortic valve to opening of the mitral valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the IVCT?

A
  • Time from closure of the mitral valve to the opening of aortic valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As a patient ages, what normally happens to the pulmonary venous flow?

A
  • The systolic component increases while the diastolic component decreases
  • (S/D ratio increases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the parietal layer of the pericardium composed of?

A
  • Thick fibrous material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The coronary sinus is located on the ______ side of the heart and empties into the ________.

A
  • Posterior, right atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What three things have an influence on stroke volume and cardiac output?

A
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Myocardial contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central venous pressure refers to pressure in what?

A
  • Vena cava (near the junction of the atrium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes deformation of the PV leading to a display of an “a” wave on the m-mode tracing?

A
  • The right atrial contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The pericardial space around the heart is found between what two layers of the cardiac wall?

A
  • Epicardium, parietal pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does the aortic valve normally open on an EKG?

A
  • Approximately 30-35 ms after the completion of the QRS wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do you differentiate between an epicardial fat pad and a pericardial effusion?

A
  • An epicardial fat pad is usually seen as an isolated anterior echo free space and a small pericardial effusion will be demonstrated as an anechoic space posterior to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When does mechanical systole occur in the left ventricle on an EKG?

A
  • Just after the QRS complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Compared to the other valves, the pulmonic valve is the most ______ and _______ valve in the heart.

A
  • Superior, anterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why does the foramen ovale close in most babies after birth?

A
  • Due to the pressure in the left atria holding the flap of tissue closed over the opening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The basal area of the left ventricle refers to the left ventricle at the level of what?

A
  • Mitral valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a muscular band that stretches from the ventricular septum to the right ventricular free wall near the apex?

A
  • Moderator band
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the infundibulum a part of?

A
  • Proximal RVOT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What portion of the aorta is located from the isthmus to the diaphragm?

A
  • Descending thoracic aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Expiration causes a ________ in flow toward the heart in the upper extremities.

A
  • Decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is normal flow in the coronary arteries?

A
  • Early in ventricular diastole flow moves into the coronary arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The interventricular septum is normally seen with mild bowing toward what?

A

-Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Inspiration causes a ____ in flow toward the heart in the lower extremities.

A
  • Decrease
38
Q

When does the isovolumic contraction period occur on EKG?

A
  • After the R wave
39
Q

What is a common shape of the left ventricle?

A
  • Ellipsoidal
40
Q

What are the three aortic cusps?

A
  • Right
  • Non
  • Left
41
Q

Expiration causes a(n) _______ in flow toward the heart in the lower extremities.

A
  • Increase
42
Q

Define isovolumic contraction period

A
  • Begins when the mitral valve closes and ends when the aortic valve opens
43
Q

Define isovolumic relaxation period

A
  • Begins when the aortic valve closes and when the mitral valve opens
44
Q

Which aortic valve leaflet is closest to the interatrial septum?

A
  • Non coronary cusp
45
Q

What is a sonographic marker used to differentiate the right ventricle and the left ventricle?

A
  • Moderator band (in the right ventricle)
46
Q

Pericardial fluid is normally ______ that is secreted by _______

A
  • Serous fluid, the visceral pericardium
47
Q

What vessel drains the coronary blood from the apex and septum of the left ventricle?

A
  • Great cardiac vein
48
Q

In which ventricle is it common to have trabeculations?

A
  • Right ventricle
49
Q

Tall thin patients tend to have a more ______ axis to their heart compared to shorter, obese patients who have a more ______ axis to their heart.

A
  • Vertical, horizontal
50
Q

What is the normal R-R interval?

A
  • 0.6 to 1.0 sec (time between QRS complexes)
51
Q

Which cardiac chamber is the most anterior?

A
  • Right ventricle
52
Q

A thin layer of what muscle provides support for the atrial walls?

A
  • Pectinate
53
Q

Which valves are called semilunar valves?

A
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Aortic valve
54
Q

The incisura portion of the aortic pressure wave occurs when?

A
  • Immediately after the aortic valve closes (slight increase in pressure related to a short period of retrograde flow into the aorta when the valve closes)
55
Q

What is the purpose of the eustachian valve in fetal circulation?

A
  • To guide flow through the foramen ovale
56
Q

Atrial depolarization is represented by what part of the EKG tracing?

A
  • P wave
57
Q

Where is the Chiari network identified in the heart?

A
  • Right atrium
58
Q

What is the widest portion of the heart referred to as?

A
  • Base
59
Q

The aortic valve is ______ resistant to regurgitation than the mitral valve due to structural differences.

A
  • More
60
Q

What is a normal response seen with stress echocardiography?

A
  • Hyperdynamic wall motion and increase of EF%
61
Q

The majority of right atrial filling occurs during what phase of respiration?

A
  • Inspiration
62
Q

How many veins empty deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

A
  • 3 (SVC, IVC, coronary sinus)
63
Q

Inspiration causes a(n) ______ in flow toward the heart in the upper extremities.

A
  • Increase
64
Q

What is the flap of tissue identified at the junction of the IVC and right atrium?

A
  • Eustachian valve
65
Q

What normally happens to tricuspid valve flow with inspiration?

A
  • Increases slightly
66
Q

How many leaflets do the mitral valve and tricuspid valve have?

A
  • MV has 2 leaflets
  • TV has 3 leaflets
67
Q

What right ventricular wall segment is seen on the apical 4 chamber view?

A
  • Lateral
68
Q

What is the segment of the right ventricular outflow tract just proximal to the pulmonary valve?

A
  • Infundibulum
69
Q

What is known as the pacemaker of the heart?

A
  • SA node
70
Q

What cardiac structures do the endocardial cushions form?

A
  • Primum atrial septum
  • Atrioventricular valves
71
Q

When does atrial contraction normally occur?

A
  • Late diastole
72
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus called after it closes and atrophies?

A
  • Ligamentum arteriosum
73
Q

What wave on the EKG normally occurs just prior to the atrial kick?

A
  • P wave
74
Q

What is the internal ridge of tissue in the right atrium that extends vertically between the SVC and IVC?

A
  • Crista terminalis
75
Q

The echocardiogram demonstrates akinesis of the left ventricular apex. Which coronary artery is most likely affected by CAD?

A
  • Left anterior descending artery
76
Q

What normally carries the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles?

A
  • Bundles of His
77
Q

If the left ventricular end systolic volume is 40 mL and the end diastolic volume is 120 mL. What is the stroke volume and EF%?

A
  • 80 mL, 67%

Stroke volume = EDV - ESV
EF% = EDV/ - ESV / EDV

78
Q

Which chamber normally has the thickest wall structure of all cardiac chambers?

A
  • Left ventricle
79
Q

Normal fractional shortening of the left ventricle is ______. Normal ejection fraction of the left ventricle is ______.

A
  • > 25%, > 55%
80
Q

What effect does differences in cardiac output have across a stenotic aortic valve?

A
  • Will cause variation sin the velocity and the pressure gradient
81
Q

What is the duration of a normal QRS complex?

A
  • < 0.12 sec
82
Q

Which ventricle has a false tendon?

A
  • Left ventricle
83
Q

What portion of the aorta is located from the valve annulus to the first branch?

A
  • Ascending
84
Q

What structure(s) empty into the left atrium?

A
  • Pulmonary veins
85
Q

Malignant HTN is defined as a systolic pressure ______ mmHg and a diastolic pressure _____ mmHg.

A
  • > 180 mmHg, > 120 mmHg
86
Q

What wave represents atrial systole on the Doppler tracing of the pulmonary vein?

A
  • A wave
87
Q

What chamber(s) fills with blood during the Q-T interval in the EKG?

A
  • Right and left atrium
88
Q

What are the names of the three major hepatic veins?

A
  • Right, left, mid
89
Q

Which ventricle has a pyramid shape?

A
  • Right ventricle
90
Q

Which right ventricular wall segment is seen on the subcostal 4 chamber view?

A
  • Inferior
91
Q

What is called when the apex of the heart is pointed toward the right side of the chest?

A
  • Dextrocardia
92
Q

The tricuspid valve opens ______ the mitral valve opens and closes ______ the mitral valve closes.

A
  • Before, after
    (20-30 msec before and after)
93
Q

What part of the EKG correlates with ventricular systole?

A
  • From the start of the QRS wave to the end of the T wave

AE (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions