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Metabolism 2 Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy Pratical 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Pratical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

why is the right kidney lower than the left

A

because there is the liver on the right side of the body which pushes the kidney down

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2
Q

what is the posterior abdominal wall formed by

A

• The posterior abdominal is formed by the five lumbar vertebrae and muscles: psoas major, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transversus abdominis and the diaphragm.

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3
Q

where does poses major arise and insert

A

arises from the lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, passes under the inguinal ligament and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

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4
Q

where does quadrates lumborum arise and insert

A

originates on the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the last rib and inserts on the iliac crest of the pelvis

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5
Q

what spinal nerves is the lumbar plexus composed of

A

is composed of the spinal nerve roots L1, L2, L3, L4 and these are derived from anterior primary rami from the spinal cord.

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6
Q

describe subcostal

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots - T12
  • anatomy - lower border of the 12th rib
  • motor - abdominal muscles
  • sensory - lower anterior abnormal wall
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7
Q

Describe ilii-hypogastric

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots - L1
  • anatomy - emerges from upper lateral border of poses major crossing quadrates lumborum to the iliac crest
  • motor - abdominal muscles
  • sensory - groin
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8
Q

Describe ilioginuinal

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots - L1
  • anatomy - emerges from lateral border of poses major below the iliohypogastric crowds quadrates lumborum and travels in the inguinal canal
  • motor - abdominal muscles
  • sensory - upper and medial tight and root of the penis, mons pubis and labia majora
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9
Q

Describe gentiofemoral

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots - L1 L2
  • anatomy - lies on posts major splits into the genital branch and femoral brand, genital branches travels in the spermatic cord in the inguinal canal
  • motor - genetial branch innervates cremaster muscle
  • sensory
    Genital branch:
    Scrotum (males); skin mons pubis and labia majora (females)
    Femoral branch:
    Upper anterior thigh (over femoral triangle)
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10
Q

Describe lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots L2 L3
  • anatomy - Emerges lateral border of psoas major at its middle, crosses ileacus muscle, towards the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) passing under the inguinal ligament
  • motor - none
  • sensory - lateral thigh
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11
Q

Describe obstrurator

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots L2 L3 L4
  • anatomy - Emerges medially to psoas major, passes behind the common ileac vessels to the obturator canal
  • motor - medial compartment (adductors)
  • sensory - medial thigh
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12
Q

Describe femoral

  • roots
  • anatomy
  • motor
  • sensory
A
  • roots L2 L3 L4
  • anatomy - Emerges lateral to psoas major, passes under the inguinal ligament and into the femoral triangle
  • motor - anterior compartment thigh
  • sensory - anterior thigh
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13
Q

what is pain due to damage of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh called

A

Pain because of damage to this nerve is called meralgia paresthetica

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14
Q

what are the paired arteries that come of the abdominal artery

A

Renal arteries (L1) and suprarenal/adrenal arteries

Gonadal arteries (L2)

Four paired lumbar arteries

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15
Q

what level is the IVC formed at

A

The IVC is formed by the common iliac veins at the L5 level.

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16
Q

where does the IVC end its course

A

It ends its course by penetrating the diaphragm at the vertebral level T8 and then entering the right atrium of the heart.

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17
Q

what is the function of the kidneys

A
  • filtration
  • excretion
  • reabsorption of metabolites and electrolytes
  • regulation of blood pressure
  • fluid balance
  • calcium metabolism
18
Q

where does the lymph from the kidneys drain into

A

para-aortic lymph nodes

19
Q

where are the adrenal glands found

A

T12

20
Q

where does the lymph from the adrenal glands drain to

A

para aortic lymph nodes

21
Q

o Does the left renal vein pass anterior or posterior to the abdominal aorta?

A

anterior to the abdominal aorta under the IMC

22
Q

what muscle do the ureters lie on

A

they lie on psoas major

23
Q

what is psoas major

A

a major flexor of the hip

24
Q

what are the three narrowing of the ureters

A
  • renal pelvis
  • pelvis brim
  • entering the bladder
25
Q

o In males, which is the only structure that passes between the ureters and the peritoneum along the bladder?

A

vas deferns

26
Q

o Are the ureters closely related to the testicular vessels distally? How does this differ from females?

A

in females the ureter is closely related to the vaginal artery and the uterine artery, the ureter goes underneath the superior part of the uterine artery before it enters the bladder

27
Q

what forms the rectovesical pouch

A

The superior surface of the bladder is covered with peritoneum, which is reflected up on to the anterior wall of the rectum

28
Q

what parts do the ejactulary ducts open up into in the male

A
  • they open up into the prostatic urethra
29
Q

what does the external sphincter surround

A

The external sphincter surrounds the membranous urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor

30
Q

what can an enlarged prostate do

A

. An enlarged prostate projects into the urinary bladder and impedes urination

31
Q

which part of the prostate is the part that usually enlarges the most

A

The middle lobule usually enlarges the most, and obstructs the internal urethral orifice. The more a person strains, the more the prostatic mass occludes the urethra.

32
Q

how is the prostate examined

A

he prostate is examined for enlargement and tumors by digital rectal examination.

33
Q

what does a malignant prostate feel like

A

The malignant prostate feels hard and often irregular.

34
Q

what do the ureters travel in close proximity to in females

A

In females the ureters travel in close proximity to the ovarian vessels

35
Q

what is endangered of being clamped during a hysterectomy

A

the ureter

36
Q

in females where does the bladder lie

A

the bladder lies between the pubic symphysis and the uterus

37
Q

what are the two recesses that the bladder forms

A

the vesicouterine pouch (between the bladder and the uterus) and the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) which is between the uterus and the rectum.

38
Q

what happens as the bladder fills

A

When the bladder is empty, the uterus is anteverted to lie on the superior surface of the bladder. As the bladder fills, the uterus is pushed upwards.

39
Q

what is blood supply from the bladder from

A

Blood supply to the bladder is from the superior and inferior vesicle arteries, which are branches of the internal iliac artery
- In the female, the bladder also receives branches from the uterine and vaginal arteries.

40
Q

in females what type of muscle is the external urethra sphincter muscle

A

The urethra is surrounded by the striated external urethral sphincter muscle

Metabolism 2 Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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