Anatomy Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the sphenoid bone

A

It is in the middle cranial fossa

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2
Q

What are the attachment sites for the dura on the sphenoid bone

A

Anterior and posterior clinoid processes

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3
Q

What is posterior to the sella turicia

A

There is the clivus this then slopes down to the foramen magnum where the spinal cord exits the skull

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4
Q

What foramen does the opthalmic nerve pass

A

Optic canal

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5
Q

What foramen does the maxillary nerve pass

A

Foramen roduntum

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6
Q

What foramen does the mandibular nerve pass

A

Foramen ovale

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7
Q

What foramen do the occulomotor, trochlear, opthalmic and abducrns nerve all exit

A

Superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

What are infrahyoid muscles important for

A

The movement of the tongue and larynx

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9
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles

A
Sternocleidmastoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
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10
Q

Where does the omohyoid attach

A

Inferior belly attaches to the suprascapular notch

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11
Q

Where is the thyroid gland

A

It is positioned on the trachea between the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and the fourth or fifth tracheal ring

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12
Q

What does the thryoid cosist of

A

Left and right love
Isthmus
Sometimes a pyramidal lobe

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13
Q

What does the thyroid blood supply

A

Superior thyroid artery - from ECA
Inferior thyroids artery from thryocervical branch of the subclavian artery

Venous drainage from the superior, middle and inferior veins

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14
Q

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into

A

The internal jugulsr vein

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15
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into

A

Bracheiocephallic

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16
Q

What is the shape of the right and left adrenal glands

A

Right is triangular

Left is crescent

17
Q

Describe the blood supply of the adrenal

A

Superior adreanl artery is from the inferior phrenic artery
Middle adrenal artery is from the aorta
Inferior adrenal arteries are from the left and right renal artery

Left suprenal vein drains into the left renal vein then the IVC
Right suprenal vein drains into the IVC

18
Q

Describe the blood supply of the pancreas

A

Most comes from splenic artyer
Superior pancreaticdudenal from the gastrodudenal artery
Inferior pancreatic duodenal from the SMA

19
Q

Where does lymph from the pancreas drain

A

Coelic and superior mesentric pre aortic lymph nodes

20
Q

What surrounds the superior mesenteric artery and vein

A

The head of the pancreas surrounds them with the uncinate process wrapping around them posteriorly

21
Q

Where is the gall bladder visible from on the liver

A

Anterior surface

22
Q

What does the gall bladder cosist of

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

23
Q

Where does the gall baldder lie

A

L1

At the level of the ninth costal cartilage on the right

24
Q

How do you image the billary tree

A

ErCP

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

25
Q

describe how ERCP is used

A

A fibreoptic endoscope is passed through the mouth, oesophagus and stomach, into duodenum.

Then a cannula is inserted into the major duodenal papilla for injection of radiographic contrast medium

26
Q

What are the two main causes of cirrhosis

A

chronic alcohol use

Hep B and Hep C

27
Q

what is the most common liver tumour

A

The most common liver

tumour is a secondary (metastatic) tumour a

28
Q

what is nutmeg liver

A
  • Nutmeg” liver is caused by chronic passive congestion of the liver.
  • Note the dark red congested regions that represent accumulations of RBC’s.
  • This characteristic pattern results from congestion around the central veins.
29
Q

How is nutmeg liver caused

A
  • longed continued distension of the hepatic veins that are found in cases of heart failure,
30
Q

what can give rise to nutmeg liver

A

right ventricular failure, constrictive pericarditis, valvulopathy, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart diseases