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Level 2 Diploma for Beauty Professionals > Anatomy & Physiology - Unit 214 (please study L2 Skin deck too) > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology - Unit 214 (please study L2 Skin deck too) Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical term - Flexion

A

Bend limb / joint

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2
Q

Anatomical term - Extension

A

Straighten Limb / Joint

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3
Q

Anatomical term - Abduction

A

Move away from mid line

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4
Q

Anatomical term - Adduction

A

Return to mid line

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5
Q

Anatomical term - Rotation

A

Turn in / out

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6
Q

Anatomical term - Supination

A

Rotate up / out

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7
Q

Anatomical term - Pronation

A

Rotate down / over

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8
Q

Anatomical term - Position

A

Location (of muscle)

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9
Q

Anatomical term - Action

A

What muscle does (movement)

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10
Q

Anatomical term - Origin

A

Fixed end of muscle

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11
Q

Anatomical term - insertion

A

Moving end of muscle

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12
Q

Anatomical term - Attachment

A

Point where muscle is attached to bone (by tendon / ligament)

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13
Q

Body System - Lymphatic

A

Lymph fluid / capillaries / vessels / nodes / ducts / lymphoid tissue

Drains excess fluid
Removes cellular waste
Produces antibodies
Transports fats

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14
Q

Body System Urinary

A

Kidneys / Ureters / Bladder / Urethra

Removes waste products from blood
Eliminates waste (via Urine)
Controls body fluid balance, salt content and acidity

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15
Q

Body System - Integumentary

A

Skin / Hair / Nails
Sensation / Heat regulation / Protection / Excretion / Secretion / Absorption / Vit D production

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16
Q

Body system - Digestive

A

Teeth / mouth, Epiglottis, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum / Anus

Breaks down food
Absorbs nutrients from food
Eliminates waste (feaces)

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17
Q

Body System - Nervous

A

Central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
Sensory neurones (sensation)
Motor neurones (movement)

Regulates & controls body functions - consciously and unconsciously (autonomic nervous system)
Maintains homeostasis (state of internal balance)

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18
Q

Body System - Muscular system

A

Muscles - skeletal / smooth / cardiac

Movement

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19
Q

Muscle tissue characteristics

A

Shorten / contract
Are elastic - can stretch & return to original state
Respond to nervous stimuli

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20
Q

Muscle tissue / smooth / voluntary

A

Controlled unconsciously & carries out functions not consciously controlled

Located in digestive system (stomach, oesophagus, intestines), blood vessels, bladder.

Works for long periods of time without tiring

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21
Q

Muscle Tissue - Voluntary / Skeletal

A

Consciously controlled - works with bones for movement

Can work very hard for short periods / tires easily

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22
Q

Muscle tissue - Cardiac

A

Found only in the heart
Contracts without nervous simulation
Works tirelessly throughout life

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23
Q

Trapezius

A

A large kite shaped
muscle that covers the
back and sides of the
neck, shoulders and
upper back

Elevates and depresses
the shoulders, also
draws the head
backwards

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24
Q

Rhomboids

A

In between the scapula
and thoracic vertebrae

Braces shoulder and
rotates scapula

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25
Latissimus dorsi
Large muscle which extends from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae Helps pull the body upwards when climbing, draws shoulders/arm down and backwards
26
Errector Spinae
Runs down the length of the vertebrae Extends the spine and holds the body upright
27
Pectorals
Cover the chest Draws the arm and shoulder in towards the chest
28
Intercostals
In-between the ribs, running obliquely downwards Muscle of respiration, used to increase the thoracic cavity when breathing normally
29
Rectus abdominis (6 pack)
Extends the whole length of the front of the abdomen & is divided into 4 sections Flexes the trunk forwards, extends the spine and maintains upright posture
30
Obliques (corset)
Extends laterally from sides of the abdomen Flexes the trunk, when acting alone it twists the trunk
31
Diaphragm
Mid chest separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities Muscle of respiration, flattens to increase the thoracic cavity when breathing in, causing the ribs to rise
32
Quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius)
Front of thigh Flexes the hip and extends the knee
33
Adductors (longus, magnus and brevis)
Inner thigh Adducts the hip and rotates the hip
34
Abductors (Tensor fascia latae)
Outer / lateral thigh Flexes and abducts the thigh
35
Sartorius
Crosses the front of the thigh to the inner knee Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint, used to sit cross legged
36
Tibialis anterior
Down the shin On the lateral side of the tibia Flexion and inversion of the foot (drawing sole inwards)
37
Gluteals
Buttocks Abducts and rotates femur, extends the knee
38
Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semimembranosis semitendonosis)
Back of thigh Extends the hip and flexion of the knee
39
Gastrocnemius
Back of calf Flexes the knee and the foot, used for propelling the body when walking
40
Soleus
Deep in the back of the calf, below gastrocnemius Flexes the foot
41
Deltoid
Caps shoulder Lifts, extends, and rotates the arm
42
Biceps
Front upper arm Flexes the forearm and turns palm upwards
43
Triceps
Back upper arm Extends the forearm
44
wrist flexors
Anterior forearm – comprises of 3 muscles Flexes the wrist, drawing it towards the forearm
45
Wrist extensors
Back of forearm – comprises of 3 muscles Extends and straightens the wrist and hand
46
Brachioradialis
Thumb side of forearm Flexes the elbow
47
Brachialis
Front of lower part of the upper arm, crossing the elbow Flexes the forearm
48
Body systems = Skeletal system
Bones / Joints Support / structure Movement Produces blood cells (red bone marrow) Mineral deposit Detoxification (stores toxic heavy metals)
49
Skull / cranuim
Protects brain
50
Spine
Several sections - Cervical (neck), thoacic (ribs), lumbar (lower back), sacrum, coccyx (tail) Facilitates movement Protects spinal chord
51
Ribs
Protect lungs Form thorax / thoracic cavity
52
Sternum
Breast bone
53
Pelvis
Supports reproductive organs 3 sections - ilium, ischium, pubis
54
Scapula
Shoulder blade
55
Femur
Long bone, upper thigh
56
Tibia
biggest bone, lower leg
57
Fibula
Smaller bone, lower leg
58
Patella
Knee cap
59
Radius
forearm, thumb side
60
Ulna
forearm, little finger side
61
carpals
Wrist bones
62
Meta carpals
palm of hand
63
tarsals
ankle bones
64
metatarsals
form body of the foot
65
Phalanges
Found in fingers & toes
66
Joints
Most body joints are synovial - contain synovial fluid Several types of synovial joints - different planes of movement
67
Saddle joint
Thumb - rock back and forward and side to side (flexion and extension) but limited rotation.
68
Gliding joint
Wrists - bones move against each other freely with sliding and twisting movements.
69
Ball & socket joint
Hip & shoulder - wide range of movements including rotational movements. Allow you to swing your legs and arms in different directions.
70
Hinge joint
Elbow, knee - like a door – in one direction only.
71
Pivot joint
The neck - rotation around a central axis i.e. moving head from side to side.
72
Condyloid joint
Palm of hand, fingers & toes- side to side and front to back but can’t rotate
73
Fixed joints (fibrous)
joints of the skull which don’t allow any movement
74
Slightly moveable joints
joints of the spine only allow a small amount of movement - are connected by pads of cartilage

Level 2 Diploma for Beauty Professionals (2 decks)

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