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Level 2 Diploma for Beauty Professionals > Anatomy & Physiology - Unit 214 (please study L2 Skin deck too) > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology - Unit 214 (please study L2 Skin deck too) Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomical term - Flexion

A

Bend limb / joint

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2
Q

Anatomical term - Extension

A

Straighten Limb / Joint

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3
Q

Anatomical term - Abduction

A

Move away from mid line

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4
Q

Anatomical term - Adduction

A

Return to mid line

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5
Q

Anatomical term - Rotation

A

Turn in / out

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6
Q

Anatomical term - Supination

A

Rotate up / out

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7
Q

Anatomical term - Pronation

A

Rotate down / over

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8
Q

Anatomical term - Position

A

Location (of muscle)

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9
Q

Anatomical term - Action

A

What muscle does (movement)

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10
Q

Anatomical term - Origin

A

Fixed end of muscle

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11
Q

Anatomical term - insertion

A

Moving end of muscle

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12
Q

Anatomical term - Attachment

A

Point where muscle is attached to bone (by tendon / ligament)

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13
Q

Body System - Lymphatic

A

Lymph fluid / capillaries / vessels / nodes / ducts / lymphoid tissue

Drains excess fluid
Removes cellular waste
Produces antibodies
Transports fats

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14
Q

Body System Urinary

A

Kidneys / Ureters / Bladder / Urethra

Removes waste products from blood
Eliminates waste (via Urine)
Controls body fluid balance, salt content and acidity

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15
Q

Body System - Integumentary

A

Skin / Hair / Nails
Sensation / Heat regulation / Protection / Excretion / Secretion / Absorption / Vit D production

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16
Q

Body system - Digestive

A

Teeth / mouth, Epiglottis, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum / Anus

Breaks down food
Absorbs nutrients from food
Eliminates waste (feaces)

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17
Q

Body System - Nervous

A

Central nervous system (brain, spinal cord)
Sensory neurones (sensation)
Motor neurones (movement)

Regulates & controls body functions - consciously and unconsciously (autonomic nervous system)
Maintains homeostasis (state of internal balance)

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18
Q

Body System - Muscular system

A

Muscles - skeletal / smooth / cardiac

Movement

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19
Q

Muscle tissue characteristics

A

Shorten / contract
Are elastic - can stretch & return to original state
Respond to nervous stimuli

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20
Q

Muscle tissue / smooth / voluntary

A

Controlled unconsciously & carries out functions not consciously controlled

Located in digestive system (stomach, oesophagus, intestines), blood vessels, bladder.

Works for long periods of time without tiring

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21
Q

Muscle Tissue - Voluntary / Skeletal

A

Consciously controlled - works with bones for movement

Can work very hard for short periods / tires easily

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22
Q

Muscle tissue - Cardiac

A

Found only in the heart
Contracts without nervous simulation
Works tirelessly throughout life

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23
Q

Trapezius

A

A large kite shaped
muscle that covers the
back and sides of the
neck, shoulders and
upper back

Elevates and depresses
the shoulders, also
draws the head
backwards

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24
Q

Rhomboids

A

In between the scapula
and thoracic vertebrae

Braces shoulder and
rotates scapula

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25
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Large muscle which
extends from the
thoracic and lumbar
vertebrae

Helps pull the body
upwards when climbing,
draws shoulders/arm
down and backwards

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26
Q

Errector Spinae

A

Runs down the length of
the vertebrae

Extends the spine and
holds the body upright

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27
Q

Pectorals

A

Cover the chest

Draws the arm and shoulder in towards the chest

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28
Q

Intercostals

A

In-between the ribs,
running obliquely
downwards

Muscle of respiration, used to increase the thoracic cavity when breathing normally

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29
Q

Rectus abdominis (6 pack)

A

Extends the whole
length of the front
of the abdomen & is
divided into 4 sections

Flexes the trunk forwards,
extends the spine and
maintains upright posture

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30
Q

Obliques (corset)

A

Extends laterally
from sides of the abdomen

Flexes the trunk, when acting
alone it twists the trunk

31
Q

Diaphragm

A

Mid chest separating
the thoracic and
abdominal cavities

Muscle of respiration, flattens to increase the thoracic cavity when breathing in, causing the
ribs to rise

32
Q

Quadriceps (rectus
femoris, vastus
lateralis, vastus
medialis and vastus
intermedius)

A

Front of thigh

Flexes the hip and
extends the knee

33
Q

Adductors (longus,
magnus and brevis)

A

Inner thigh

Adducts the hip and
rotates the hip

34
Q

Abductors (Tensor fascia latae)

A

Outer / lateral thigh

Flexes and abducts the
thigh

35
Q

Sartorius

A

Crosses the front
of the thigh to
the inner knee

Flexes and laterally
rotates the hip joint,
used to sit cross legged

36
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Down the shin
On the lateral
side of the tibia

Flexion and inversion of
the foot (drawing sole
inwards)

37
Q

Gluteals

A

Buttocks

Abducts and rotates
femur, extends the knee

38
Q

Hamstrings
(biceps femoris,
semimembranosis
semitendonosis)

A

Back of thigh

Extends the hip and
flexion of the knee

39
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Back of calf

Flexes the knee and
the foot, used for
propelling the body
when walking

40
Q

Soleus

A

Deep in the back of the
calf, below gastrocnemius

Flexes the foot

41
Q

Deltoid

A

Caps shoulder

Lifts, extends, and
rotates the arm

42
Q

Biceps

A

Front upper arm

Flexes the forearm
and turns palm
upwards

43
Q

Triceps

A

Back upper arm

Extends the forearm

44
Q

wrist flexors

A

Anterior forearm –
comprises of 3
muscles

Flexes the wrist,
drawing it towards the
forearm

45
Q

Wrist extensors

A

Back of forearm –
comprises of 3
muscles

Extends and
straightens the wrist
and hand

46
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Thumb side of forearm

Flexes the elbow

47
Q

Brachialis

A

Front of lower
part of the upper
arm, crossing
the elbow

Flexes the forearm

48
Q

Body systems = Skeletal system

A

Bones / Joints

Support / structure
Movement
Produces blood cells (red bone marrow)
Mineral deposit
Detoxification (stores toxic heavy metals)

49
Q

Skull / cranuim

A

Protects brain

50
Q

Spine

A

Several sections - Cervical (neck), thoacic (ribs), lumbar (lower back), sacrum, coccyx (tail)

Facilitates movement

Protects spinal chord

51
Q

Ribs

A

Protect lungs

Form thorax / thoracic cavity

52
Q

Sternum

A

Breast bone

53
Q

Pelvis

A

Supports reproductive organs

3 sections - ilium, ischium, pubis

54
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

55
Q

Femur

A

Long bone, upper thigh

56
Q

Tibia

A

biggest bone, lower leg

57
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller bone, lower leg

58
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

59
Q

Radius

A

forearm, thumb side

60
Q

Ulna

A

forearm, little finger side

61
Q

carpals

A

Wrist bones

62
Q

Meta carpals

A

palm of hand

63
Q

tarsals

A

ankle bones

64
Q

metatarsals

A

form body of the foot

65
Q

Phalanges

A

Found in fingers & toes

66
Q

Joints

A

Most body joints are synovial - contain synovial fluid

Several types of synovial joints - different planes of movement

67
Q

Saddle joint

A

Thumb - rock back and forward and side to side (flexion and extension) but limited rotation.

68
Q

Gliding joint

A

Wrists - bones move against each other freely with sliding and twisting movements.

69
Q

Ball & socket joint

A

Hip & shoulder - wide range of movements including rotational movements. Allow you to swing your legs and arms in different directions.

70
Q

Hinge joint

A

Elbow, knee - like a door – in one direction only.

71
Q

Pivot joint

A

The neck - rotation around a central axis i.e. moving head from side to side.

72
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Palm of hand, fingers & toes- side to side and front to back but can’t rotate

73
Q

Fixed joints (fibrous)

A

joints of the skull which don’t allow any movement

74
Q

Slightly moveable joints

A

joints of the spine only allow a small amount of movement - are connected by pads of cartilage

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