Anatomy & Physiology of Swallowing

Question 1

What cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?

Answer 1

Trigeminal-V
Facial-VII
Glossopharyngeal-IX
Vagus-X
Spinal Accessory-XI
Hypoglossal-XII

Question 2

What cranial nerve is responsible for lip movement?

Answer 2

Facial- VII

Question 3

What cranial nerves are responsible for movement of the soft palate?

Answer 3

Trigeminal- V

Glossopharyngeal- IX

Vagus- X

Hypoglossal- XII

Question 4

What cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the buccal muscles?

Answer 4

Facial- VII

Question 5

Review labeling pictures

Answer 5

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Question 6

What cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the mandible?

Answer 6

Trigeminal- V

Question 7

Name the portions of the tongue

Answer 7

Tip
Blade
Posterior/base

Question 8

What cranial nerve is responsible for the tongue movement?

Answer 8

Hypoglossal-XII

Question 9

What is the oral portion?

Answer 9

tip, blade, front, center, back (to the circumvallate papillae)

Question 10

What is the pharyngeal portion?

Answer 10

Base to the hyoid bone

Question 11

Didn’t understand slide 10 or 11, 12 but on quiz

Answer 11

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Question 12

what cranial nerves involves the floor of the mouth

Answer 12

Trigeminal V

Facial- VII

Question 13

What CN involves the geniohyoid

Answer 13

Facial- VII

Question 14

What CN involves the mylohyoid

Answer 14

Trigeminal- V

Question 15

What CN involved the anterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 15

Trigeminal- V

Question 16

What is the hyoid bone suspended by

Answer 16

by floor of mouth muscles, posterior belly of digastric, & stylohyoid (hyposglossal- XII)

Question 17

What is the larynx suspended by?

Answer 17

from hyoid by thyrohyoid ligament & muscle (hypoglossal- XII); if one moves so does the other.

Question 18

What are the three sections of the pharyngeal cavity?

Answer 18

a) Nasopharynx-
b) Oropharynx
c) Hypopharynx

Question 19

Where does the nasopharynx extend from?

Answer 19

extends from posterior choanae of the nose to the soft palate.

Question 20

Where does the oropharynx extend from?

Answer 20

Extends from soft palate superiorly to valleculae inferiorly.

Question 21

Where does the hypopharynx extend from?

Answer 21

Portion of the pharynx that lies inferior to the tip of epiglottis.

It extends inferiorly to the cricopharyngeus, where the pharynx empties into the cervical esophagus.

Anteriorly, it extends from the valleculae and contains the epiglottis and the larynx

Question 22

Review picture to identify the sections of the pharyngeal cavity

Answer 22

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Question 23

Start looking at slide 29

Answer 23

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Question 24

what are the phases of swallowing?

Answer 24

• oral preparatory phase
• oral transit phase
• pharyngeal phase
• esophageal phase

Question 25

Describe the oral preparatory phase

Answer 25

Lip Strength
-Removing material from utensil & holding material in the oral cavity.

Tongue Strength & Coordination
-Manipulating and forming a bolus & keeping material from falling posteriorly.

Mandible/Jaw Control
-Strength to close & coordination for chewing.

Dentition Condition
-Mastication/chewing solids.

Velar Strength
-Prevents entrance of material in nasopharnx.

Question 26

Describe the pharyngeal phase

Answer 26

• Swallowing reflex is triggered
• Velopharyngeal Closure
• Posterior tongue retraction
• Pharyngeal wall contraction
• Laryngeal elevation
• Hyoid excursion
• Epiglottic inversion
• Glottic closure (TVF, FVF, AEF, etc…)
• Crico-pharyngeal sphincter opens

Question 27

Describe esophageal phase

Answer 27

Peristalsis of the esophageal musculature.

Movement of material from the upper esophageal sphincter to the lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 28

Look at slide 52 for different phases

Answer 28

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Question 29

Describe the oral transit phase

Answer 29

Purpose: Propelling the bolus into the pharyngeal area to trigger a swallowing response.

Tongue initiates posterior movement of the bolus.

Requires adequate labial seal, intact tongue mobility, buccal muscles, & nasal breathing.

Question 30

What are the three salivary glands and why are they important?

Answer 30

• parotid (big one in the cheek)
• submandibular
• sublingual (under tongue)

** these are important cause without them you get Xerostomia

** radiation affects salivary glands which also causes Xerostomia