Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Revision Concise Cards > Anatomy + Physiology of GI Tract (Revision Session) > Flashcards

Anatomy + Physiology of GI Tract (Revision Session) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system of the GI system?

A

enteric nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many layers does greater omentum have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many layers does the lesser omentum have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

-temporalis -masseter -medial pterygoid -lateral pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which muscle is used to open the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the lateral pterygoid originate and where does it insert?

A

Originates at condyle of mandible and inserts at the pterygoid plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the temporalis originate and where does it insert?

A

Originates at coronoid process of mandible and inserts at temporal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the masseter muscle originate and where does it insert?

A

Originates from the angle of mandible and at zygomatic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid originate and insert at?

A

Originates at the angle of the mandible and inserts at pterygoid plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what joint does movement of the mouth occur?

A

Temporomandibular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint made up of?

A

-mandibular fossa on temporal bone -articular tubercle on temporal bone -head of condylar process on mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve supplies the superior half of the oral cavity?

A

CN V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerve supplies the inferior half of the oral cavity?

A

CN V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve supplies the orbicularis oris?

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nerves supply the gag reflex (motor and sensory)?

A

-Motor -> CN IX and CN X -Sensory -> CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

-parotid -submandibular -sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where in the mouth does the parotid gland secrete saliva into?

A

Into mouth by upper 2nd molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where in the mouth does the submandibular gland secrete saliva into?

A

Secretes via the lingual caruncle and enters floor of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerve supplies the submandibular glands?

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the sublingual gland secrete saliva into?

A

Via the lingual caruncle and other salivary ducts superior to the sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What nerve supplies the sublingual glands?

A

CN VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the posterior third of the tongue located?

A

Vertically in the oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior third of the tongue and what does it supply tongue for?

A

CN IX for taste and general sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is the anterior two thirds of the tongue located?

A

In the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior two thirds of the tongue for general sensation?

A

CNV3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior two thirds of the tongue for taste?

A

CNVII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae on the tongue?

A

-filiform -fungiform -vallate -follate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is significant about filiform papillae?

A

They have no taste buds they just sense touch and temperature

31
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

-they change the shape of the tongue

32
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles do and list the 4 extrinsic muscles.

A

-they reposition the tongue -genioglossus -styloglossus -hyoglossus -palatoglossus

33
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of the tongue and what is the exception?

A

CNXII supplies all muscles except the palatoglossus which is supplied by CN X

34
Q

What are the 3 types of tonsils?

A
  • palatine
  • pharyngeal
  • lingual
35
Q

What muscles form the inner and outer layers of the pharynx and what is the function of each type?

A

inner: longitudinal -> elevate the larynx, close the laryngeal inlet and shorten the pharynx to aid swallowing
outer: constrictor -> constrict sequentially to move food down the oesophagus

36
Q

Fill in the labels on this diagram.

A
37
Q

Which nerve supplies the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

CNX

38
Q

At what level of the spine does the cricopharyngeus (UOS) sit at and what also sits at this level?

A
  • C6
  • thyroid
39
Q

What is the pharyngeal midline raphe?

A

tendinous line in the middle of the pharynx where the constrictor muscles on either side meet

40
Q

What two nerves supply the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • CNX
  • CNIX
41
Q

At which vertebra does oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

42
Q

I ate 10 Eggs At 12 -> explain this

A

I - Inferior vena cava - T8

E - (O)esohagus - T10

A - Aorta - T12

43
Q

What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract wall?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • adventitia
44
Q

What muscles make up the upper 1/3 portion of the oesophagus and what makes up the lower 3/4?

A

Upper: skeletal

lower: smooth

45
Q

What 3 layers make up the mucosa?

A
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucsoae
46
Q

What is the function of the muscularis mucosae of the gi tract?

A

thin layer of muscle that allows mucosa to move and fold

47
Q

What are the components of the submucosa?

A

-connective tissue containing arteries, veins, lymphatics and nerves

48
Q
A
49
Q

What nervous system controls peristalsis?

A

enteric

50
Q

Where does the myenteric plexus sit?

A

in between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa

51
Q

What cells are in the myenteric plexus?

A

interstitial cells of Cajal

52
Q

Through what do the interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus and the smooth muscles connect?

A

Through gap junctions

53
Q

How do peristaltic contractions occur?

A

When enteric nervous system depolarises by opening Ca2+ channels to achieve threshold

54
Q

What determines the rate of peristaltic contraction?

A

Slow wave

55
Q

What do the circular muscles and longitudinal muscles do behind a bolus?

A
  • Circular contract
  • longitudinal relax
56
Q

What do the circular muscles and longitudinal muscles do in front of a bolus?

A
  • circular relax
  • longitudinal contract
57
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Continuous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity walls and organs

58
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Space between the visceral and parietal perietal layers

59
Q

What neurotransmitters cause contraction and relaxation in peristalsis?

A
  • Contraction: ACh
  • Relaxation: NO and VIP
60
Q

What are the two main differences between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • intraperitoneal: covered in visceral peritoneum + have minimal mobility
  • retroperitoneal: only has visceral peritoneum on anterior surface + have no mobility
61
Q

What are 6 examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • transverse colon
  • small bowel
62
Q

What are 4 examples of retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • kidneys
  • pancreas
  • ascending colon
  • descending colon
63
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Where the visceral peritoneum folds over itself to form a double layer

64
Q

What does mesentery have a supply of?

A

Blood vessels

lymphatics

65
Q

What is the mesentery attached to?

A

Posterior abdominal wall to small intestine, transverse and sigmoid colon

66
Q

List the names of the mesentery for the small bowel, large bowel and appendix?

A
  • mesentery proper
  • mesocolon
  • mesoappendix
67
Q

What is the omentum in the abdominal cavity?

A

Fold of the visceral peritoneum

68
Q

Describe the greater omentum attachments.

A

Greater omentum hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach, passes in front of small intestines, doubles back and attaches to transverse colon and then onto anterior abdominal wall

69
Q

Describe the lesser omentum attachments.

A

Extends from lesser curvature of stomach and the first part of duodenum to liver

70
Q

Where does the portal triad lie in relation to the lesser omentum?

A

In the free edge of the lesser omentum

71
Q

What two ligaments attach the lesser omentum to from the stomach to duodenum and liver and where are these located in relation to each other?

A
  • hepatogastric ligament: medially
  • hepatoduodenal ligament: laterally
72
Q

What do the omentums divide the peritoneal cavity into and through what do these communicate?

A
  • greater and lesser sacs
  • through omental foramen AKA foramen of Winslow AKA epiploic foramen
73
Q

What two recesses are within the greater sac?

A
  • subphrenic recess (between diaphragm and liver)
  • hepatorenal recess (between right kidney and liver)

GI Revision Concise Cards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions