Anatomy & Physiology Mblex Cards Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
Also called the cardiovascular system, it is a network if organs ans rubes that transport blood, hormones, nutrients, oxygen, and other gases to cells and tissues throughout the body
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What she capillaries?
Blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and form networks that exchange materis between the blood and the cells
How do arteries and veins differ?
Arteries are stronger and thicker than veins, as they withstand high pressures exerted by thr blood as the heart pumps it through the body. The blood in views is under much lower pressures, so views have valves to prevent the backlog of blood.
What ate the three types of capillaries?
Continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, and sinusoidal capillaries
Describe the 3 types of capillaries:
Continuous capillaries are made upnof tightly packed epithelial cells so they limit the types of materials that pass into and out of the blood.
Fenestrated capillaries have openings that allow materials to be freely exchanged between the blood and tissue.
Sinusoidal capillaries have larger openings and allow proteins and blood cells through.
What js the path of filtrate through the renal tubule?
The proximal tubule, then the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle dip into the medulla, followed by the distal tubule ans collecting duct where it exists as urine. During this journey, blood omsmololarity, pH, and electrolytes are balanced via exchange between the tubule and the blood stream.
What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
It is the voluntary nervous system branch of the peripheral nervous system, so it is responsible for voluntary movement. It includes nervous that transmit signals from the brain to the muscles of the body.
What system is the spleen apart of and what is its function?
The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system and it helps produce the lymphocytes (white blood cells) to control infections. It also controls the number of red blood cells in the body. Other lymphatic organs include the tonsils, adenoids, and the thymus.
What are the four properties of muscle tissue?
They are excitable, meaning they respond to stimuli; contractile, meaning they can shorten and pull on connective tissues; extensible, meaning the can be stretched repeatedly, but maintain the ability to contract; and elastic, meaning they rebound to their original length after contraction.
From smallest to largest, what are the levels of organization in the human body?
- Chemical
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ Systems
- Human body
How do ligaments and tendons differ?
Ligaments connect bone to bone. Tendons connect muscle to bone.
Both are made of dense, fibrous connective tissue (primarily Type 1 collagen) to give strength. Ligaments are less organized and more of a woven pattern because bone connections are not as bundles or muscle fibers, so ligaments must have strength in multiple directions.
What are erthrocytes and what is their function?
Erythrocytes are red blood cells and they transport oxygen throughout the body.
They contain a protein called hemoglobin that allows them to carry oxygen. The iron in the hemoglobin gives the cells and the blood their red color.
What are luekocytes and what are the functions of the various types?
Leukocytes are white blood cells, which are responsible for fighting infectious disease and maintaining the immune system.
. Monocytes eat and destroy invaders such as bacteria and viruses.
.Lymphocytes create antibodies against invaders.
.Neutrophils attack bacterial and fungal organisms.
.Basiphils secrete destructive histamine.
.Eosinophils secrete destructive enzymes that target parasites and cancer cells, and are part of the body allergic response.
Where is the thymus gland and what is its function?
The thymus gland is located in the chest cavity, embedded in connective tissue. It produces several hormones that are important for development and maintenance of T lymphocytes l, which are important cells for immunity.
