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Classes > Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

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2
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions

A

Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric regions, Left hypochondriac region
Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region
Right iliac region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac region

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3
Q

Complementarity of structure and function

A

what a structure can do is related to its form.

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4
Q

Control center

A

Determines set point :: analyzes information :: determines appropriate response.
Response is sent via efferent pathway.

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5
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface; more internal (the lungs are deep to the rib cage).

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6
Q

Define Physiology

A

The study of how the body and its parts work or function.

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7
Q

Define “Anatomy”

A

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

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8
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

The study of the change in body structures over the course of a lifetime (i.e. embryology)

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9
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (the knee is distal to the thigh).

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10
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind

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11
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Cranial cavity houses the brain
Spinal cavity houses the spinal cord.

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12
Q

Effector

A

Provides a means for response to the stimulus, to stabilize the variable.

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13
Q

Frontal Section

A

Divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts.

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14
Q

Hierarchical Arrangement

A

Chemical Level (atoms / molecules)
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organism Level

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15
Q

histology

A

The study of tissues

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16
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintenance of stable internal environment.

A dynamic state of equilibrium.

Homeostasis is necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life.

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17
Q

Homeostatic imbalance

A

A disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease.

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18
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

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19
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of (the arms are lateral to the chest)

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20
Q

Receptor

A

Responds to changes in the environment :: sends information to the control center via the afferent pathway.

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21
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of (the heart is medial to the arm)

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22
Q

median or midsagittal

A

A section that divides the body or organ into equal left and right parts.

23
Q

Necessary Life Functions (8)

A

Maintain Boundaries
Movement (Locomotions/Movement of Substances)
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

24
Q

Negative Feedback (feedback mechanism)

A

Causes the variable to change in a direction opposite to that of the initial change, returning it to its ideal value (set point).

The output shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

25
Q

Parietal membrane

A

The part of the serous membrane lining the ventral cavity walls.

26
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther.
In the body this only occurs in blood clotting and the birth of a baby.

27
Q

Proximal

A

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (the elbow is proximal to the wrist, meaning that the elbow is closer to the shoulder or attachment point of the arm than the wrist is.)

28
Q

Regional anatomy

A

The study of all body structures in a given body region.

29
Q

Sagittal section

A

A sagittal section divides the body or organ into left and right parts.

30
Q

Serosa or serous membrane

A

A thin, double-layered membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains.

31
Q

Serous fluid

A

The serous membranes are separated by a thin layer of lubricating fluid called serous fluid.
Serous fluid separates the serosae.

32
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward or at the body surface (the skin is superficial to the skeleton)

33
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

34
Q

Surface anatomy

A

The study of internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin.

35
Q

Survival Needs

A

Nutrients
Water
Oxygen
Stable body temperature
Atmospheric pressure

36
Q

The Language of Anatomy - Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
- Position
- Direction
- Regions
- Structures

A

Position: the body is erect with feet slightly apart, “standing at attention”
Direction: Explain where one body structure is in relation to another
Regions: Two Divisions 1. Axial - head, neck and trunk :: 2. Appendicular - appendages or limbs

37
Q

The variable in homeostasis is…

A

The regulated factor or event.

38
Q

Transverse or cross section

A

Divides the body or organ into superior and inferior parts.

39
Q

Variable in homeostasis

A

The factor or event being regulated.

40
Q

Ventral

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in the front

41
Q

ventral body cavity

A

Thoracic cavity houses heart, lungs and others.
Abdominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs.

42
Q

Visceral serosa

A

Parietal serosa folds in on itself to form the visceral serosa which covers the organs in the ventral cavity.

43
Q

What does maintaining boundaries allow an organism to do?

A

It allows an organism to separate internal and external environments, OR separate internal chemical environments.

44
Q

What does movement allow?

A

It allows the organism to travel through the environment and allows transport of molecules within the organism.

45
Q

What is responsiveness in an organism?

A

Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to detect changes in the internal or external environment and respond to them.

46
Q

Why should atmospheric pressure be at the appropriate range?

A

So that proper gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

47
Q

Axial Region

A

Consists of the head, neck and trunk.

48
Q

Appendicular region

A

Consists of appendages, the upper and lower limbs.

49
Q

Regional terms designate…

A

Specific areas within the axial and appendicular divisions.

50
Q

Body cavities

A

Spaces within the body that are closed to the outside and protect internal organs.

51
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

The space that houses the central nervous system and has 2 subdivisions: the cranial cavity (housing the brain), and the vertebral cavity (houses the spinal cord).

52
Q

The ventral body cavity…

A

Anterior to and larger than the dorsal cavity and has 2 main subdivisions: the thoracic cavity and the Abdominopelvic cavity.

53
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Superior division of the ventral cavity that’s subdivided into the pleural cavities that surround each lung; the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart, and other midline thoracic structures.

54
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm and consists of 2 regions: superior abdominal region (digestive structures, spleen and other organs); and inferior pelvic cavity (urinary and reproductive structures & the rectum).

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