Anatomy & Physiology Cardiac System Med Surg: Cardiac

Question 1

Anatomy of the heart?

Answer 1

Cone shaped organ located in the
mediastinal space.
The pericardial sac encases the
heart and protects it, lubricates, and
holds 5-20 ml of pericardial fluid.
This has two layers.
* the parietal pericardium which is
the outer membrane.
* the visceral pericardium is the
inner membrane attached to the
heart.

Question 2

3 layers of the heart.

Answer 2

• Epicardium: the outermost layer of
  the heart.
• Myocardium: the middle layer of the
  heart, the contracting muscle.
• Endocardium: innermost layer of
  the heart lines the inner
  chambers and the valves.

Question 3

3 layers of the heart.

Answer 3

• Epicardium: the outermost layer of
  the heart.
• Myocardium: the middle layer of the
  heart, the contracting muscle.
• Endocardium: innermost layer of
  the heart lines the inner
  chambers and the valves.

Question 4

The function of circulation?

Answer 4

Delivers 02, nutrients, hormones and
antibodies to organs, tissues and cells.
Removes the end product of cellular
metabolism

Question 5

The function of the heart?

Answer 5

Pumps oxygenated blood into the
arterial system to supply capillaries
and tissue.
Pumps oxygen-poor blood from the
the venous system through the lungs
to be reoxygenated.

Question 6

How many valves does the heart have?

Answer 6

4

Two atrioventricular valves that close
at the beginning of ventricular
contraction. They prevent blood from
flowing back into the atria.

Two semilunar valves that prevent
blood from flowing back into the
ventricles during relaxation.

Question 7

Tricuspid valve?

Answer 7

Tricuspid valve: on the right side
of the heart.

Question 8

Bicuspid valve?

Answer 8

Bicuspid valve: on the left side of
the heart.

Question 9

Pulmonic semilunar valve?

Answer 9

Pulmonic semilunar valve:
between the right ventricle and
pulmonary artery.

Question 10

Aortic semilunar valve?

Answer 10

Aortic semilunar valve: between the ventricle and the aorta.

Question 11

Aortic semilunar valve?

Answer 11

Aortic semilunar valve: between the ventricle and the aorta.

Question 12

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Right atrium?

Answer 13

Right atrium: carries
deoxygenated blood from the
body via superior and inferior
vena cava.

Question 14

Right ventricle?

Answer 14

Right ventricle: carries blood
from the right atrium and pumps
it into the lungs through the
pulmonary artery.

Question 15

Right ventricle?

Answer 15

Right ventricle: carries blood
from the right atrium and pumps
it into the lungs through the
pulmonary artery.

Question 16

Left atrium?

Answer 16

Left atrium: carries oxygenated
blood from the pulmonary veins.

Question 17

Left ventricle?

Answer 17

Left ventricle: carries oxygenated
blood from the left atrium and
pumps it into the systemic circuit
through the aorta.

Question 18

Coronary arteries?

Answer 18

There are 2

Question 19

Right main coronary artery?

Answer 19

Supplies the right atrium and
ventricle, the inferior left
ventricle, posterior septal
wall, 1SA, and AV nodes.

Question 20

Left main coronary artery?

Answer 20

consists of two main branches left
anterior descending which
supplies blood to the left ventricle
and the ventricular septum and
circumflex arteries which supply
blood to the left atrium and the
lateral/posterior aspects of the
left ventricle.

Question 21

SA node?

Answer 21

pacemaker of the heart
and initiates contraction at 60-100
BPM.

Question 22

AV?

Answer 22

receives impulses from the SA node initiates and sustains impulses at 40-60 BPM.

Question 23

Bundle of His?

Answer 23

continuation of the AV node and branches into the the bundle branches which terminate in
the Purkinje fibers.

Question 24

Purkinje fibers?

Answer 24

Network of conducting strands beneath the ventricular endocardium. They can act as a pacemaker when the SA and AV fail as pacemakers. They can sustain at 20-40 BPM.