Anatomy & physiology

Question 1

When a cholecystectomy is performed, which of the following anatomical structures must be preserved?
A. cystic duct
B. cystic vein
C. cystic artery
D. common duct

Answer 1

common duct

The common duct is preserved in order to drain bile or perform a common bile duct exploration. The cystic duct and cystic artery are ligated. A cystic vein is not preserved; it is ligated. The cystic artery is dissected in a cholecystectomy.

Question 2

A patient is complaining of nausea, fever, and severe back pain. The patient was previously diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. This patient most likely suffers from:
A. glomerulonephritis 
B. chordee
C. kidney stones
D. hydrocele

Answer 2

kidney stones

Kidney stones may be seen in many different diseases including hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms include unbearable pain, nausea, and fever. Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease where glomeruli are inflamed. Symptoms include pink-colored urine, high blood pressure, and fatigue. A hydrocele may arise from trauma, infection, tumor, or as a result of peritoneal dialysis. Chordee is a congenital downward curvature of the penis caused by a band of connective tissue between the urethral opening and glans.

Question 3

There are \_\_\_ spinal nerves in adults.
A. 37
B. 31
C. 39
D. 33

Answer 3

31

Question 4

There are \_\_\_ vertebral bones in adults. 
A. 31
B. 39
C. 37
D. 33

Answer 4

33

Question 5

Which of the following types of connective tissue fastens muscle to bone?
A. tendon
B. ligament
C. synovium
D. cartilage

Answer 5

tendon

Tendon is a type of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Cartilage is smooth, relatively firm, compressible connective tissue. It cushions most articular surfaces at the ends of bones. A ligament is a band or sheet of strong fibrous connective tissue that connects the articular ends of bones. Synovium is the soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints.