Anatomy/physiology Flashcards
Acromioclavicular
Joint where the acronym and clavicle meet
Acromion process
Highest portion of the shoulder
Alveoli
Microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange occurs with the bloodstream
Aorta
Largest artery in body. Transports blood from left ventricle to the begin systemic circulation
Appendix
Small tube located near the junction of the large and small intestines in RL quad of the abdomen
Arteriole
Smallest kind of artery
Atria
Two upper chambers of the heart. Right atrium receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body. Left atrium receives unoxygenated blood from the lungs
Automaticity
Ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
Autonomic nervous system
Division of peripheral nervous system which controls involuntary motor functions
Bladder
Round sac like organ of the renal system used to store urine
Brachial artery
Artery of the upper arm. Site of pulse checked during infant CPR
Bronchi
Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. Left and right bronchi
Calcaneus
Heel bone
Capillary
Thin walled, microscopic blood vessel where oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place
Cardiac conduction system
System of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
Cardiovascular system
System made up of the heart (cardio) and blood vessels (vascular). Sometimes called circulatory system
Carotid arteries
Large neck arteries, one on each side. Carries blood from the heart to head
Carpals
Wrist bones
Central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord
Central pulses
Carotid and femoral pulses found within the central part of the body
Clavicle
Collarbone
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
Cranium
Top, back, and sides of the skull
Cricoid cartilage
Ring shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Dermis
2nd layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, right below the epidermis
Diaphragm
Major muscle of respiration. Muscular structure that divides the chest from the abdomen cavity.
Diastolic blood pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
Digestive system
Breaks down food
Dorsalis pedis artery
Artery supplying the foot. Lateral the tendon of the big toe
Endocrine system
System of glands that produce hormones which help regulate and function the body
Epidermis
Outer layer of skin
Epiglottis
Leaf shaped structure that prevents food from entering the trachea
Epinephrine
Hormone produced by body. Used to relieve severe allergic reactions
Femoral artery
Major artery supplying the leg
Femur
Large bone of the thigh
Fibula
Lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Gallbladder
Sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
Humerus
Bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and elbow
Hypo perfusion
Aka shock. When the body cannot adequately circulate O2 and nutrients to the body’s cells
Ilium
Superior and widest portion of the pelvis
Insulin
Hormone produced by the pancreas
Involuntary muscle
Muscles that respond automatically to brain signals, but cannot be consciously controlled
Ischium
The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
Kidneys
Organ of the renal system. Used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
Large intestines
Muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from small intestines and moves the rest to excretion
Larynx
Voice box
Ligament
Tissues that connects bone to bone
Liver
Largest organ of the body. Produces bike to assist in breakdown of fats and assist in metabolism of various substances in the body
Lymphatic system
System composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain fluid levels, and contribute to the body’s immune system
Malleolus
Protrusion on the side of the ankles
Mandible
Lower jaw bone
Manubrium
Superior portion of the sternum
Maxillae
Two fused bones forming the upper jaw
Metacarpals
Hand bones
Metatarsals
Foot bones
Musculoskeletal system
System of bones that support and protect the body, and allow movement
Nasal bones
Nose bones
Nasopharynx
Are directly posterior to the nose
Nervous system
System of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought
Orbits
Eye sockets
Oropharynx
Area directly posterior to the mouth
Pancreas
Gland behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food
Patella
The kneecap
Pelvis
Basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and point of proximal attachment for lower extremities
Perfusion
Circulation through the body via capillaries
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
Peripheral pulses
Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses felt via peripheral points on the body
Phalanges
Toe bones and finger bones
Pharynx
Area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. Made up of the oropharynx and nasopharynx
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood
Platelets
Components of blood. Membrane enclosed fragments of specialized cells
Posterior tibial artery
Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
Pubis
Medial anterior portion of the pelvis
Pulmonary arteries
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Pulmonary veins
Vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulse
Rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
Radial artery
Artery of the lower arm. Thumb side of the wrist
Radius
Lateral bone of the forearm
Renal system
Also called urinary system. Regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood
Respiration
Process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells
Respiratory system
System of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Shock
Hypo perfusion
Small intestines
Muscular tube between the stomach and large intestines. Divided into sections: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Takes nutrients from food
Spleen
LU quad of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and reservoir for blood
Sternum
Breastbone
Stomach
Muscular sac between the esophagus and small intestines where digestion begins
Subcutaneous layers
Layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
Systolic blood pressure
Pressure created in arteries when left ventricle contracts and forces blood into circulation
Tarsals
The ankle bones
Acetabulum
The pelvic socket where the proximal end of the femur fits to from the hip joint
