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Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What species has a clavicle?

A

Cat

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2
Q

Which species have an os penis?

A

Dog and cat

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3
Q

Flexor

A

Decreases the angle of a joint

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4
Q

Extensor

A

Increases the angle of a joint

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5
Q

Abductor

A

Moves a limb away from the body

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6
Q

Adductor

A

Moves a limb towards the body

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7
Q

Levator

A

Movement of a muscle toward the back (dorsally)

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8
Q

Depressor

A

Muscle movement ventrally (toward the back)

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9
Q

Sphincter

A

Muscle thar decreases the size of an opening

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10
Q

Cerebrum -function

A

Motor control, sensory interpretation

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11
Q

Thalmus - function

A

Interpret pain and temperature

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12
Q

Hypothalamus- function

A

Homeostasis functions - fluid balance, thirst, urine output, food intake, emotions, behavior.

Endocrine functions

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13
Q

Brainstem - function

A

Respiratory center, heart rate, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, sleep/wake cycle

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14
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordination & balance

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15
Q

Sympathetic nervous system function

A

Fight or flight

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16
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system function

A

Digestion, heart rate

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17
Q

Systolic BP is the force during?

A

Ventricular contraction

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18
Q

Diastolic BP is the force during?

A

Ventricular relaxation

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19
Q

Path of food through a ruminant stomach

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

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20
Q

Rumen

A

Fermentation vat

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21
Q

Reticulum

A

Hardware component

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22
Q

Omasum

A

Grinds food

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23
Q

Abomasum

A

Chemical digestion

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24
Q

Lymph organs (4)

A

Spleen, tonsils, thymus, mucosa

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25
Tidal volume
Volume of air exchanged during normal breathing
26
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate = rate at which filtration is made in the kidneys
27
What is urine made of?
Water and metabolic waste products
28
What does ADH (vasopression) do to urine production?
Increases absorption of water in the kidney
29
What does aldosterone have to do with urine production?
Stimulate sodium absorption in the kidney
30
What species doesn't have a bulbourethral gland?
Dogs, they only have a prostate
31
What species have little erectile tissue and achieve erection by straightening the sigmoid flexure of the penis?
Cows, sheep, pigs
32
What species have an os penis?
Dogs and cats
33
What does follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) do in males?
Starts spermatogenesis
34
Uniparous animals have how many young at a time
One
35
Multifarious animals have how many young at one time?
Multiple
36
Monstrous animals have how many cycles per year?
One
37
Diestrous estrous cycle have how many cycles in a year? And when?
Two, spring and fall?
38
What species is diestrus?
Dog
39
Polyestrous means what?
More than 1 estrous cycles per year, continuous cycling
40
Seasonally polyestrous means what?
Cycle continuously in specific seasons
41
What species is polyestrous?
Pig
42
What species are seasonally polyestrous?
Cat, horse, sheep
43
Reflex or induced ovulators ovulate after?
Breeding
44
What species are induced ovulators?
Cats, rabbits, mink, ferret, alpaca, llama
45
What is a spontaneous ovulator?
An animal that will ovulate regardless of breeding
46
What species are spontaneous ovulators?
Dog, cow, horse
47
In which part of the estrous cycle are females attracting males, but not receptive?
Proestrous
48
Which part of the estrous cycle is referred to as standing heat?
Estrus
49
At what stage during the estrous cycle will cats experience behavior changes like rubbing, lordosis, and vocalization?
Estrus
50
What is the corpus luteum?
A ruptured follicle that produces progesterone
51
What is metestrus?
Short postovulatory phase where progesterone is produced
52
In what estrous stage is an animal stuck in during a pseudopregnancy?
Diestrus
53
What is anestrus?
Long period of inactivity of the reproductive system in seasonally polyestrous animals
54
What is the gestation period of a dog?
63 days
55
What is the gestation period of a cat?
63 days
56
What is the gestation period of a horse?
336 days
57
What is the gestation period of a cow?
285 days
58
What is the gestation period of a pig?
114 days
59
What is the gestation period of sheep?
147 days
60
What is the gestation period of a goat?
150 days
61
Dystocia
Difficult birth
62
What hormone produced and secreted by the pituitary influences lactation?
Prolactin
63
What is colostrum?
The first milk, full of antibodies, proteins, and vitamins
64
What is the name of the highly reflective membrane at the back of the eye of most mammals?
Tapetum lucidum
65
What part of the eye houses photoreceptors?
The retina
66
What is the function of the lens in the eye?
Focuses light onto the retina
67
What part of the eye regulates the light that passes through the lens?
The iris
68
What is the nictitating membrane?
Third eyelid
69
What part of the ear houses the 3 ossicles?
Middle ear
70
What part of the ear has nerve receptors for perception of balance?
Inner ear

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