Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Define umbilical cord

A

Connection between the embryo (fetus) and placenta

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2
Q

The two umbilical arteries run through the _________ ____________ of bladder to umbilicus.

A

Lateral ligaments

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3
Q

What is the function of the two umbilical arteries?

A

Carry deoxygenated, waste-laden blood back to placenta

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4
Q

Which umbilical vein remains in the fetus and carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

A

Left umbilical vein

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5
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein?

A

Round ligament of liver (runs on free edge of falciform ligament)

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6
Q

What are the remnants of the umbilical arteries?

A

Round ligaments of the urinary bladder

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7
Q

Where are the 2 most common locations of bladder rupture in foals during parturition (especially colts)?

A

Junction of urachus & apex of bladder or on dorsal surface where bladder wall is the thinnest

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8
Q

Define Wharton’s jelly and its function

A

Mesenchymal cells and stroma surrounding the structures of the umbilical cord that protects the umbilical cord

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9
Q

What is the expanded caudal part of the hindgut canal caudal to the origin of the allantois?

A

The cloaca

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10
Q

What is the name for the wedge of mesoderm in the angle between the allantois and the hindgut?

A

The urorectal septum

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11
Q

What does the cranial and largest part of the urogenital sinus become?

A

The urinary bladder, which is continuous with the allantois

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12
Q

What is the remnant of the urachus?

A

Median ligament of bladder

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13
Q

Describe a patent urachus (urachal fistula)

A

Failure of allantoic stalk to close off in late fetal life; opens at umbilicus -> dribbling of urine

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14
Q

Describe vitelline fistula

A

Fecal material or meconium at umbilicus due to failure of urachus to close

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