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MSK/Derm > Anatomy/Phys > Flashcards

Anatomy/Phys Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Anterior drawer sign

A

ACL injury - posterolateral femur to anterior tibia

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2
Q

Posterior drawer sign

A

PCL injury - medial femur to posterior tibia

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3
Q

Posterior knee dislocation

A

Damage to popliteal artery

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4
Q

McMurray test

A

Pain/popping on external rotation (medial meniscal tear), internal rotation (lateral meniscal tear)

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5
Q

Abnormal passive abduction

A

MCL injury

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6
Q

Abnormal passive adduction

A

LCL injury

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7
Q

Unhappy triad

A

Lateral force applied to planted leg - ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

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8
Q

Prepatellar bursitis

A

Housemaid’s knee - extensive kneeling (affects perineal nerve)

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9
Q

Baker cyst

A

Popliteral flud collection - chronic joint disease

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10
Q

Hip flexion muscles

A

Iliopsoas (iliacus, psoas major/minor), rectus femoris, tensor fascia lata

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11
Q

Hip extension muscles

A

Gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris long head

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12
Q

Hip abduction muscles

A

Gluteus medius/minimus

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13
Q

Hip adduction muscles

A

Adductor longus/brevis/magnus

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14
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspintaus (suprascapular n - abducts arm initially), Infraspintaus (suprascapular n - laterally rotates, pitching injury), Teres minor (axillary n - adducts, laterallly rotates), Subscapularis (subscapular n - medially rotates and adducts) - All innervated by C5-6

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15
Q

Medical epicondylitis

A

Golfer’s elbow - repetitive flexion

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16
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Tennis elbow - repetitive extension

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17
Q

Wrist bones

A

SO (Scaphoid) LONG (Lunate) TO (Triquetrum) PINKY (Pisiform), HERE (Hamate) COMES (Capitate) THE (Trapezoid) THUMB (Trapezium) (proximal L to M, distal M to L)

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18
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

Scaphoid (anatomic snuff box), fall on outstretched hand, avascular necrosis

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19
Q

Dislocation of lunate

A

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome

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20
Q

Damage to hook of hamate

A

Ulnar nerve injury

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21
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Median nerve compression - pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism

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22
Q

Guyon canal syndrome

A

Compression of ulnar nerve in cyclists

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23
Q

Axillary nerve injury

A

C5-C6 - fractured surgical neck of humerus, anterior dislocation of humerus - flattened deltoid, loss of arm abduction > 15 degress, loss of sensation over deltoid and lateral arm

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24
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve injury

A

C5-C7 - loss of forearm flexion and supination, loss of lateral forearm sensation

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25
Q

Radial nerve injury

A

C5-T1 - midshaft humerous fracture, compression of axilla (crutches) - wrist drop, decreased grip strength, loss of sensation over posterior forearm/arm/dorsal hand

26
Q

Nursemaid elbow

A

Radial nerve injury - deep branch only so wrist drop but no sensory loss

27
Q

Median nerve injury

A

C5-T1 - Supracondylar fracture of humerus, carpal tunnel syndrome - ape hand and Pope’s blessing, loss of wrist flexion/fexion of lateral fingers/thumb opposition, loss of sensation over thenar eminence and lateral 3 1/2 fingers, Tinel sign (tingling on percussion in carpal tunnel)

28
Q

Ulnar nerve injury

A

C8-T1 - Funny bone fracture (medial epicondyle), fractured hook of hamate - ulnar claw, radial deviation of wrist on flexion, loss of wrist flexion/flesion of medial fingers, abduction/adduction of fingers - loss of sensation of medial 1 1/2 fingers and hypothenar eminence

29
Q

Recurrent branch of median nerve injury

A

Superficial palm laceration - Ape hand, loss of thenar muscle group

30
Q

Brachial plexus parts

A

RANDY TRAVIS DRINKS COLD BEER - Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

31
Q

Erb Palsy

A

Waiter’s tip - tear of upper trunk (C5-6) - lateral traction on neck during delivery - deltoid/supraspinatus (no abduction), infraspintaus (no lateral rotation), biceps (no flexion or supination)

32
Q

Klumpke palsy

A

Tear of lower trunk (C8-T1) - upward force on arm during delivery, fall grabbing a tree branch - intrinsic hand muscles (total claw hand)

33
Q

Thoracic oulet syndrome

A

Compression of lower trunk and subclavian vessels - pancoast tumor - atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles

34
Q

Winged scapula

A

Long thoracic nerve lesion - axillary node dissection after mastectomy, stab wound - serratus anterior - can’t abduct arm above 90 degrees

35
Q

Interossei muscles

A

DAB PAD - Dorsal AB duct and Palmar AD duct

36
Q

Obturator nerve injury

A

L2-L4 - pelvic surgery - decreased medial thigh sensation and decreased adduction

37
Q

Femoral nerve injury

A

L2-L4 - pelvic fracture - decreased thigh flexion and leg extension

38
Q

Common peroneal nerve injury

A

L4-S2 - trauma or compression of lateral leg, fibular neck fracture (very superficial) - foot drop (ineverted and plantarflexed), loss of sensation on dorsum of foot

39
Q

Tibial nerve injury

A

L4-S3 - knee trauma, Baker cyst - inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole of foot

40
Q

Superior gluteal nerve injury

A

Injury during intramuscular injection (superomedial quadrant), pelvic trauma, hip surgery - Trendelenburg sign

41
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

Pelvis tilts toward unaffected side - lesion is contralateral to hip that drops (superior gluteal nerve)

42
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve injury

A

L5-S2 - posterior hip dislocation - difficulty climbing stairs and rising from a seated position

43
Q

Pudendal nerve block

A

S2-S4 - ischial spine as landmark

44
Q

Sciatica

A

Weak posterior thigh and all muscles below the knee, decreased ankle reflex, patellar reflex is normal

45
Q

L3-L4 disc herniation

A

L4 nerve - weak knee extension, decreased patellar reflex

46
Q

L4-L5 disc herniation

A

L5 nerve - weak dorsiflexion, difficult heal walking

47
Q

L5-S1 disc herniation

A

S1 nerve - weak plantarflexion, difficult toe walking, decreased Achilles reflex

48
Q

Muscle cotnraction causes shortening of

A

H and I bands and between Z lines (HIZ shrinkage), A band is Always the same

49
Q

Ca binds to ____ on muscle cells

A

Troponin C - moving tropomyosin out of myosin binding groove on actin

50
Q

Sarcomere organization

A

An Interesting Zoo Must Have Mammals - Actin in I band attached to Z line, Myosin in H band attached to M line

51
Q

Smooth muscle contraction

A

Ca binding Calmodulin causes Myosin-light chain kinase to phosphorylate and lead to contraaction

52
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation

A

Nitric Oxide activates Guanylate cyclase activating Myosin light chain phosphatase to dephosphorylate

53
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Low levels causes anabolic effects, chronically increased PTh levels causes catabolic effects

54
Q

Radial head subluxation

A

Damage to annular ligament - children present with injured arm at side, elbow extended, and pronated – occurs with sharp pull of hand when arm is extended and pronated (walking holding hands)

55
Q

Bone specific ALP measures

A

Osteoblast activity

56
Q

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and urinary deoxypyridinoline measure

A

Osteoclast activity

57
Q

Surgical neck of humerus artery/nerve

A

Axillary nerve/posterior circumflex artery

58
Q

Midshaft of humerus artery/nerve

A

Radial nerve/Deep brachial artery

59
Q

Distal humerus/cubital fossa artery/nerve

A

Median nerve/Brachial artery

60
Q

Popliteal fossa artery/nerve

A

Tibial nerve/Popliteal artery

61
Q

Posterior to medial malleolus artery/nerve

A

Tibial nerve/Posterior tibial artery

MSK/Derm (4 decks)

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