Anatomy (Phrog) Flashcards
This refers to the study of body structures:
Anatomy
The study of how body structures function:
Phsyiology
Frog observation begins with the:
External Anatomy of the frog
Refers to the backside of the frog:
Dorsal side
The belly side of the frog:
Ventral side
The ventral side is much _____ compared to the dorsal side, which is a type of camouflage known as what?
lighter; counter-shading
This allows the frog to blend in with its surroundings from predators above and below.
counter-shading
Describes a body part located more towards the front of the body, in this case (Frog) toward the head.
Anterior
Refers to a structure that is more toward the back, which concerning the frog or any 4-legged animal will be towards the rear.
Posterior
Located at the rear of the frog and are much longer, has 5 toes separated by webbing and more muscular
Hind limbs
Located anteriorly, have 4 toes
Forelimbs
This helps to propel the frog forward in the water as it kicks the legs back.
Webbing
This body opening is where urine, feces and eggs or sperm will be release. It is located on the posterior end of the frog.
Cloaca
Two small openings that aid in breathing
External Nares
These are situated on the top portion of the head which helps the frog to stay more submerged in the water and still view what is happening above the surface.
Eyes
A special membrane that helps keep the eyes moist as well as provide protection.
Nictating Membrane
This structure appears as two distinct circles on the sides of the head, and serves as the eardrums.
Tympanic Membrane
This system is made up of a tube that runs from the mouth to the cloaca and includes accessory organs.
Digestive System
is a j-shaped organ that functions to churn and mix the food contents that were swallowed, as well as to secrete enzymes that will chemically digest.
Stomach
This is a circular muscle that will open to allow contents from the stomach to flow into the first part of the small intestines.
Pyloric sphincter
The first part of the small intestines that runs parallel to the stomach
Duodenum
Absorbs excess water and leave behind waste that will ultimately be expelled through the cloaca; Large intestine
Colon
Can be seen as a thin band that runs between the stomach and the duodenum; secrete more digestive enzymes to help break down food.
Pancreas
Can be seen as very large, taking up most of the space in the abdominal cavity; Is brown and located just in front of the duodenum; secretes bile that breaks up the fat the frogs eat.
Liver
This is where excess bile is stored; a small green sac under the liver.
Gall bladder
Located on the either side of the heart; This is where gas exchange occurs.
Lungs
A short tube that branches into two lungs in which the probe will pass through.
Trachea
What are the internal organs of a frog?
Thoracic Cavity: Heart and Lungs
Abdominal Cavity: Liver, Stomach, Intestines, Kidneys, Pancreas, Fat bodies, Testes (male), or Ovaries (female).
Back of the throat of the frog in which the frog breathes and vocalizes.
Glottis
This serve the function of physically and chemically breaking down food and absorbing it.
Digestive system
is necessary to do gas exchange.
Respiratory system
includes the brain and nerves which function to send and receive nerve signals for movement or automatic responses.
Nerve system
is necessary for eliminating waste.
Excretory system
is necessary for reproduction.
Reproductive system
includes a well-developed muscular heart with three chambers- two atria and one ventricle; It functions as the middle man passing over food and oxygen to cells and waste materials to blood.
Circulatory system
