Anatomy Phase 1B Flashcards
In this medial view of the right leg, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Soleus
What is structure 4?
Pectoralis major muscle
Fill in the blanks.
Most often, the left and right hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct close to the hilum or porta hepatis of the liver, the common hepatic duct joining the cystic duct to form the [blank] duct within the free edge of the lesser omentum. However, there is much variation in the relative lengths of these biliary ducts. The bile duct passes behind the 1st part of the [blank] and the head of the pancreas to enter the duodenum at the foregut-midgut junction half way down its second part. This entry is usually shared with the main [blank] duct.
Most often, the left and right hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct close to the hilum or porta hepatis of the liver, the common hepatic duct joining the cystic duct to form the bile duct within the free edge of the lesser omentum. However, there is much variation in the relative lengths of these biliary ducts. The bile duct passes behind the 1st part of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas to enter the duodenum at the foregut-midgut junction half way down its second part. This entry is usually shared with the main pancreatic duct.
What is structure 20?
Splenic artery and splenic plexus
Which artery gives rise to those supplying the region of the stomach indicated by the arrow?
Splenic artery
What is structure 13?
Left vagus nerve and left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Inferior mesenteric
In this view of the right popliteal fossa, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Lateral superior genicular
What is structure 17?
Left vagus nerve and left recurrent laryngeal nerve
In this anterior view of a deep dissection of the right inguinal region and pelvis, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Internal iliac
A direct inguinal hernia commonly presents in older males as a bulge on the anterior abdominal wall, above the medial end of the inguinal ligament. This is due to weakening of which inguinal wall structure?
Transversalis fascia
- Transversalis fascia forms the posterior wall which separates the peritoneal cavity and its contents from the inguinal canal in the inguinal triangle region. Weakening of this structure allows bowels to herniate.
Which horizontal plane does the gallbladder lie?
Transpyloric Plane
In this inferior view of the liver and the dissected porta hepatis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Portal vein
Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow.
Interspinous ligament
Intertrochanteric line
What is structure 7?
Internal thoracic artery
From which structure is the inguinal ligament is derived?
External oblique muscle
- The inferior margin of the external oblique muscle is aponeurotic and forms a thick fibrous band called inguinal ligament (Poupart ligament). It is attached to the ASIS and pubic tubercle.
What is structure 2?
Right pulmonary artery
In this inferior view of the female perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Crus of clitoris
Vesico-uterine pouch
What is structure 18?
Levator scapulae muscle
In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach and part of the liver has been removed, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Tail of pancreas
What is structure 6?
Hepatic veins
What is structure 26?
Left phrenic nerve and left peri - cardiacophrenic artery and vein
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Femoral nerve
What is structure 7?
Inferior vena cava
In this anterior view looking down into the dissected male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Ureter
What is the fine white structure indicated by the arrow?
Filum terminale
What is structure 15?
Left atrium
During an examination of the knee joints, the patient first lies down supine with the hip joints flexed to 45 degrees, the knee joints flexed to 90 degrees, and both feet flat on the examination couch. Then the physiotherapist, while seated in front of the patients flexed knees, grasps the leg just below the knee joint line with both hands and pushes it posteriorly. Which ligament of the knee joint is being tested?
Posterior cruciate ligament
Identify the bony feature indicated at the tip of the arrow.
Lamina
Which spinal nerves supply the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?
T7 - L1
- T1 - L1 spinal nerves supply the entire anterolateral abdominal wall muscles.
What is structure 22?
Medial branches of intercostal arteries
- From which sturucture does A arise?
- Which nerve innervcates B?
- The external iliac artery
- Obturator nerve (A is adductor longus)
What is structure 20?
Rhomboid major and minor muscles
In this anterior view of the contents of the right upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)
In this view of the plantar surface of the right foot, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Medial plantar
What is structure 7?
Greater splanchnic nerve
What is structure 2?
Subclavian vein
Which important ankle ligament attaches proximally to the bony feature indicated by the arrow?
Deltoid / medial ligament
What is structure 28?
Left ventricle
What is structure 11?
Transverse pericardial sinus (probe)
What is structure 15?
Lactiferous sinus
What is structure 13?
Scapula
In this posteromedial view of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrow.
Tibialis posterior
What is structure 3?
Superior vena cava
What is structure 24?
Serratus posterior inferior muscle
In this lateral view of the right hip and thigh, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Gluteus minimus muscle
What structure is indicated by the arrow?
Psoas major muscle
In this anterior view of the right hip and femur, what hip flexor muscle has its proximal attachment at the area painted red, as indicated by the arrow?
Iliacus
What is structure 8?
Right crus of lumbar part of diaphragm
Ligamentum teres
In this anterior view of the right inguinal region and pelvis, identify the vein indicated by the arrow.
External iliac
What is structure 8?
Serratus anterior muscle
In this posterior view of the right thigh, identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.
Long head of biceps femoris
You are asked to choose a site for placing a chest drain into a patient with a massive pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity. Where would you place the drain?
Midaxillary line in the left 5th intercostal space.
What is structure 15?
Central tendon of diaphragm
Where would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve?
5th left intercostal space near the sternal border.
What is structure 15?
Thoracic aorta and left vagus nerve
What is structure 16?
Apical lymph nodes
A patient with a hernial swelling in the abdominopelvic area was asked to lie down supine and relax their abdominal muscles, which caused the swelling to disappear completely. The examining doctor then applied firm pressure with his fingers at a point about 1 cm superior to the midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis and asked the patient to cough and strain their abdominal muscles. The swelling failed to reappear whilst the finger pressure was maintained. What type of hernia this patient likely to have?
Indirect inguinal hernia
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Right brachiocephalic vein
In this view of the plantar surface of the right foot, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Abductor hallucis
What is structure 14?
Serratus anterior muscle (insertion)
What is structure 22?
Teres major muscle
What is structure 14?
Left primary bronchus
Right triangular ligament
In this lateral view of the isolated testis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Epididymis
What is structure 17?
Axillary lymph nodes
What is structure 16?
Apical lymph nodes
Bladder
What is structure 19?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is structure 11?
Costal margin
What is structure 6?
Left superior intercostal vein
What is structure 6?
Ramus communicans of sympathetic trunk
What is structure 19?
Lateral thoracic vein
Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Tubercule
What is structure 11?
Costal margin
What is structure 10?
Proper hepatic artery and hepatic plexus
What is structure 3?
Deltoid muscle
In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Obturator artery
What is structure 19?
Lateral thoracic vein
Great saphenous vein
In this view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Mesosalpinx
What muscle attaches at the red and blue lines?
External intercostal muscle
On this sagittal MRI of the spine, which pair of spinal nerves would emerge through the intervertebral foramina between the 2 vertebrae indicated?
L5
- Name the structure indicated by the arrows?
- Under which structure does the arrowed structure pass between the forearm and hand?
- Median nerve
- Flexor retinaculum
What is structure 21?
Serratus anterior muscle
Fill in the blanks.
As the gut tube lengthens, it can no longer be accommodated within the abdominal cavity so coils of gut with their mesentery move out into the body stalk. As the abdomen grows, these coils are retrieved beginning from the proximal (duodenal) end of the midgut. Some segments of the gut now become adherent to the posterior abdominal wall and lose their mesentery, which fuses with the parietal peritoneum. These parts of the gut are described as having become secondarily retroperitoneal. Parts of the gut that become retroperitoneal in this way are the duodenum, the [blank] and descending parts of the colon. By contrast, the jejunum, ileum, and the transverse and [blank] parts of the colon retain their mesenteries.
As the gut tube lengthens, it can no longer be accommodated within the abdominal cavity so coils of gut with their mesentery move out into the body stalk. As the abdomen grows, these coils are retrieved beginning from the proximal (duodenal) end of the midgut. Some segments of the gut now become adherent to the posterior abdominal wall and lose their mesentery, which fuses with the parietal peritoneum. These parts of the gut are described as having become secondarily retroperitoneal. Parts of the gut that become retroperitoneal in this way are the duodenum, the ascending and descending parts of the colon. By contrast, the jejunum, ileum, and the transverse and sigmoid parts of the colon retain their mesenteries.
In life, the structure at the tip of the arrow can herniate and injure spinal nerve roots posterior to it, causing a burning sensation and/or muscle weakness in the patient’s leg. Identify the structure.
Nucleus pulposus
What is structure 12?
Pectoral fascia
In this medial view of the plantar side of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is tendon indicated by the arrow.
Flexor digitorum longus
In this medial view of the right pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Sacrotuberous ligament
In this medial view of the right pelvis, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Ischial spine
What is structure 27?
Inferior cluneal nerves
What is structure 13?
Anus
What is structure 21?
Transversus abdominis muscle
Hepatic artery proper
What is structure 9?
Superior vena cava and thymic vein
What is structure 16?
Diaphragm
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Transverse mesocolon
Axillary nerve
Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Tendinous arch of levator ani
On this posterior view of the cervical spinal cord, what are the structures indicated by the arrows?
Dorsal rootlets
When assessing the function of muscles moving the fingers, the patient was asked to flex a finger while holding the other fingers fully extended. Which muscle was being tested?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
In this view of the right popliteal fossa, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Tibial nerve
In this lateral view of the proximal end of the right tibia, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Tibial tuberosity (tubercle)
What is structure 2?
Left splenius capitis muscle (cut and reflected)
What is structure 9?
Areola
Dorsal nerve of penis
What is structure 19?
Latissimus dorsi muscle
In this laparoscopic view looking down into the right female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ovary
What is structure 4?
Clavicle (divided)
What is structure 9?
Medial arcuate ligament
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Falciform ligament
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Piriformis muscle
What is structure 2?
Right atrium
What is structure 11?
Brachial plexus
In this view looking down into the left side of the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Left kidney
What is structure 10?
Apex of heart with pericardium
L1
Pubic tubercle
Linea alba
What is structure 27?
Upper lobe of left lung
What is structure 20?
Lymph vessels
In this anterior view of abdominal contents, identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.
Arterial arcade
In this view of the plantar side of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrows.
Flexor digitorum brevis
Fill in the blanks.
The liver occupies most of the upper right part of the peritoneal cavity, filling the space between the diaphragm and the right [blank] margin and tapering like a wedge from its thick right margin to its left extremity near the plane of the left mid- clavicular line. It is mainly suspended in the ventral foregut mesentery, separating this mesentery’s two parts; the [blank] ligament and the lesser omentum. However, part of its convex diaphragmatic surface has a direct contact with the diaphragm and is called the [blank] area of the liver. The [blank] surface of the liver reveals two small lobes separated from the left lobe by the grooves containing ligaments that are remnants of fetal vessels; the ligamentum teres from the umbilical vein and the ligamentum [blank], an embryological remnant the ductus venosus. They are separated from the right lobe by the groove occupied by the gall bladder and that occupied by the inferior vena cava. Functionally the small quadrate and [blank] lobes of the liver are part of the left lobe, because they are supplied by the left branch of the hepatic artery and drained by the left hepatic duct.
The liver occupies most of the upper right part of the peritoneal cavity, filling the space between the diaphragm and the right costal margin and tapering like a wedge from its thick right margin to its left extremity near the plane of the left mid- clavicular line. It is mainly suspended in the ventral foregut mesentery, separating this mesentery’s two parts; the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum. However, part of its convex diaphragmatic surface has a direct contact with the diaphragm and is called the diaphragmatic area of the liver. The visceral surface of the liver reveals two small lobes separated from the left lobe by the grooves containing ligaments that are remnants of fetal vessels; the ligamentum teres from the umbilical vein and the ligamentum venosum, an embryological remnant the ductus venosus. They are separated from the right lobe by the groove occupied by the gall bladder and that occupied by the inferior vena cava. Functionally the small quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver are part of the left lobe, because they are supplied by the left branch of the hepatic artery and drained by the left hepatic duct.
In this anteromedial view of the right pelvis and thigh, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Femoral
In this view of the plantar surface of the right foot, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Quadratus plantae
What is structure 8?
Pulmonary veins
What is structure 23?
Iliocostalis thoracis muscle
Ovarian ligament
What is structure 11?
Costal margin
In this anterior view of the right ankle joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Anterior talofibular ligament
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Splenic artery
A positive Trendelenberg test result indicates weakness of which muscle group in the lower limb?
Abductors of the hip joint on the stance side.
In this close-up view of the dissected porta hepatis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Cystic duct
In this lateral view of a partially sectioned knee joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Anterior cruciate ligament
What is structure 7?
Esophagus
Corpus spongiosum of penis
What is structure 3?
Deltoid muscle
What is structure 12?
Pectoral fascia
In this posterior view of a deep dissection of the gluteal region, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Superior gluteal
What is structure 9?
Esophageal plexus (branches derived from left vagus nerve)
What is structure 14?
Right phrenic nerve
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Dura mater
What is structure 1?
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis muscle
What is structure 4?
Pulmonary artery
- Which two movements are produced by contraction of the muscle labelled A?
- What type of structure is the light coloured band labelled B?
- Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
- Retinaculum (band of deep fascia found near to joints holding tendons down preventing “bowing”)
Osteophytes (bone spurs) can reduce the size of the indicated opening and injure the spinal nerve that passes through it. Identify the opening.
Intervertebral foramen
- Name the largest of the muscles of the gluteal region that attaches at A
- Name the part of the pelvis labelled B
- Gluteus medius is the largest
- Body of ischium (ischium would get the mark)
What membrane is indicated by the arrow?
Visceral pleura
In this anteromedial view of the right pelvis and thigh, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Obturator
Which nerve is responsible for finger extension?
Radial
Patella
Identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Gonadal
What is structure 21?
Pulmonary vein
Inferior gluteal nerve
In this anterior view of the heart in situ, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Parietal serous pericardium
What is structure 16?
Esophagus
In this anterior view of the contents of the abdomen, the greater omentum and transverse colon have been reflected superiorly. Identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Middle colic
What is structure 18?
Intercostobrachial nerve
What is structure 7?
Greater splanchnic nerve
What is structure 23?
Upper margin of pericardial sac
L5 & S1
In this anterior view of the right leg and foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrow.
Extensor hallucis longus
What is structure 20?
Thoracic aorta
Which is the best auscultation site for the middle lobe of the lung in a female patient?
Right midaxillary line just below the axilla.
What structure is indicated by the arrow?
Dens / Odontoid process
In this anterior view of the contents of the upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Left triangular ligament
Terminal part of ileum
In this view of the right foot and ankle, what action is being demonstrated?
Eversion
What is structure 3?
Trapezius muscle
What is structure 17?
Superior vena cava
What is structure 23?
Pectoralis minor muscle
In this anterior view of the right knee joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Fibular collateral ligament
What is structure 20?
Diaphragm
What is structure 19?
Deltoid muscle
What structure is indicated by the arrow?
Linea semilunaris
What is structure 21?
Serratus anterior muscle
What is structure 9?
Posterior intercostal vein
What is structure 16?
Iliocostalis thoracis muscle
The vessel indicated by the arrow is a direct branch from which blood vessel?
Coeliac trunk
What is structure 11?
Iliac crest
What is structure 8?
Brachiocephalic trunk and right brachiocephalic vein
Which nerve innervates the superficial back muscle indicated by the arrow?
Thoracodorsal nerve
- Provides innervation to latissimus dorsi muscle
What is structure 23?
Pectoralis minor muscle
What is structure 5?
Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein
What is structure 7?
Left atrium with pericardium
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ischial spine
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow
Posterior fornix
What is structure 1?
Right vagus nerve
What is structure 22?
Esophagus (thoracic part)
In this view of structures on the posterior abdominal wall, identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.
Left renal vein
Which of the following conditions would cause a deviation of the trachea to the left side of the midsternal line?
- Left pleural effusion
- Right pneumonectomy
- Right upper lobe collapse
- Left lower lobe fibrosis
- Left sided tension pneumothorax
Left lower lobe fibrosis
- Fibrosed lung tissue undergoes contraction and drags the major bronchi and the trachea towards the side of the diseased lung.
Fovea of the femoral head
Aponeurosis of internal oblique
In this anterior view of a deep dissection of the right thigh, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Medial circumflex femoral
What is structure 3?
Vagus nerve and internal jugular vein
In this anterior view of the right kidney, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ureter
In this posterior view of the underside of the right foot, identify the structure that is indicated by the arrow.
Plantar aponeurosis
What is structure 13?
Mammary gland
What is structure 13?
Middle lobe of right lung
In this cross section of the penis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Corpus spongiosum
You are performing an abdominal examination, on palpation the patient has a hard rigid abdomen, which does not move with respiration across all 9 regions of the abdomen.
Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- Cholecystitis
- Peritonitis
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Pyelonephritis
- Voluntary guarding due to nerves
Peritonitis
What is structure 2?
Clavicle
Fundus of the uterus
Jejunal vein
What is structure 7?
Medial mammarian branches of intercostal nerves
- Where is the proximal attachment of the muscle belly labelled A?
- Name the muscle labelled B
- The anterior inferior iliac spine.
- Gracillis muscle (one of the adductor group)
What is structure 1?
Platysma muscle
During a cardiovascular examination you were able palpate parasternal heaves along the left sternal border. What cardiac condition causes palpable heaves?
Cardiomegaly
Sartorius muscle
What is structure 17?
Internal jugular vein
What is structure 8?
Left phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic artery and vein
In this medial view of the skeleton of the right ankle and foot, identify the bone indicated by the arrow.
Navicular
Caecum
In this posterior view of the right knee, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Popliteus
What is structure 7?
Medial mammarian branches of intercostal nerves
Which of the following signs would point towards a upper motor neuron lesion?
- Hypotonia
- Hyperreflexia
- Fasciculations
- Muscle atrophy
Hyperreflexia
What is structure 2?
Splenius capitis muscle
In this anterior view of the contents of the lower abdomen and pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Sigmoid mesocolon
What is structure 12?
Inferior cervical cardiac nerves
You were assessing the vocal resonance of a patient by auscultating over different areas of the anterior chest wall whilst the patient was repeating the words ninety-nine. There was increased vocal resonance over the right upper lobe compared to the rest of the lung. What would be cause of this?
Consolidation of the right upper lobe
What is structure 5?
Fossa ovalis
What is structure 2?
Clavicle
In this view of the structures on the posterior abdominal wall, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Left colic
What is structure 4?
Pectoralis major muscle
Fill in the blanks.
The abdomen is wider than it is deep, so rapid growth of the liver results in the liver moving to the right and the spleen to the left. The effect of this is that a part of the peritoneal cavity (the bit originally to the right of the dorsal and ventral foregut mesenteries) becomes trapped posterior to the liver and the stomach. This semi-isolated pocket of the peritoneal cavity is called the [blank] [blank] or the lesser sac. It is clinically important as it contains important structures (including the pancreas, much of the left kidney, left suprarenal gland and the posterior surfaces of the liver and abdominal [blank] that cannot be seen from the main part of the peritoneal cavity. However, it can be found by passing a finger below the free lower border of the lesser omentum through the narrow omental or [blank] foramen (otherwise known as the entry to the lesser sac).
The abdomen is wider than it is deep, so rapid growth of the liver results in the liver moving to the right and the spleen to the left. The effect of this is that a part of the peritoneal cavity (the bit originally to the right of the dorsal and ventral foregut mesenteries) becomes trapped posterior to the liver and the stomach. This semi-isolated pocket of the peritoneal cavity is called the omental bursa or the lesser sac. It is clinically important as it contains important structures (including the pancreas, much of the left kidney, left suprarenal gland and the posterior surfaces of the liver and abdominal aorta that cannot be seen from the main part of the peritoneal cavity. However, it can be found by passing a finger below the free lower border of the lesser omentum through the narrow omental or epiploic foramen (otherwise known as the entry to the lesser sac).
What is structure 28?
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
In this lateral view of the right leg just below the knee, identify the muscle that is supplied by the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
In this anterior view of the contents of the abdomen, the greater omentum and transverse colon have been reflected superiorly. Identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.
Superior mesenteric artery
What is structure 6?
Subclavian vein
What is the vertebral level of transpyloric plane?
Lumbar vertebra 1
- The transpyloric plane which passess through the pylorus of the stomach and it is at the L1 vertebral level.
Identify the opening at the tip of the arrow.
Transverse foramen
In which joint do you check for clonus?
Ankle
A patient presents with severe loin pain, haematuria and on palpation the patient has pain in the flank region on palpation of the left kidney.
You think the patient has a urinary tract stone, which of the following locations is NOT a location where urinary tract stones sit?
- Across the sacroiliac joint
- In the bladder
- The pelvi-ureteric junction
- Vesicoureteric junction
In the bladder
What is structure 15?
Lactiferous sinus
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow?
Internal intercostal muscles
Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Intervertebral disc
You are performing an abdominal examination, on palpation the patient has pain in the right iliac fossa. The patient describes pain which originated in the umbilicus before migrating to the right iliac fossa.
Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- Appendicitis
- Cholelithiasis
- Diverticulitis
- Pancreatitis
Appendicitis
Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow.
Vertebral canal
What is structure 6?
Rhomboid major muscle
What is structure 12?
Terminal crista
What is structure 1?
Platysma muscle
What is structure 6?
Latissimus dorsi muscle (reflected)
In this lateral view of the right hip and leg, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Tensor fascia lata muscle
In this anterior view of the contents of the left upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Gastrosplenic ligament
What is structure 8?
Breast tissue
What is structure 8?
Breast tissue
What is structure 19?
Superior cluneal nerves
Midpoint of which two bony landmarks you will palpate for femoral artery pulse?
Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Splenius
What is structure 17?
Axillary lymph nodes
In this anterior view of the stomach and other contents of the upper abdomen, identify the feature indicated by the arrow at the tip of the gloved finger.
Omental (epiploic) foramen
What is structure 4?
Vessels and nerves of the intercostal space (from above: posterior intercostal vein and artery and intercostal nerve)
Lacunar ligament
What is structure 9?
Areola
What is structure 12?
Scapula (divided)
In this posterior view of the right ankle and foot, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Flexor retinaculum
What is structure 17?
Celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery
What is structure 1?
Semispinalis capitis muscle
In this lateral view of the right hip and femur, what muscle has its proximal attachment at the area painted red, as indicated by the arrow?
Gluteus maximus muscle
A driver of a car involved in a head-on collision suffered a posterior dislocation of the head of the right femur. Which nerve is vulnerable to damage in a posterior dislocation of the head of femur?
Sciatic nerve
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Descending aorta
What is structure 12?
Pectoral fascia
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Levator ani muscle
What is structure 7?
Esophageal plexus (branches of right vagus nerve)
What is structure 5?
Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein
Identify the area indicated by the arrow.
Subarachnoid space
What is structure 11?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
The vertical lines drawn to divide the anterior abdominal wall into nine regions pass through what landmarks?
Midpoint of clavicles
Loops of jejunum
In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Superior gluteal artery
What is structure 4?
Medial cutaneous branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves
In this anterior view of abdominal contents, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.
Mesentery
In this inferior view of the female perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Bulbospongiosus muscle
Pancreatic duct
In this close-up view of the posterior abdominal wall, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Suprarenal gland
What is structure 3?
Left splenius cervicis muscle (cut and reflected)
Sacrotuberous ligament
In this posterior view of the isolated liver, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ligamentum venosum
In this lateral view of the right disarticulated hip joint, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Acetabular labrum
What is structure 10?
Levator scapulae muscle
What is structure 10?
Azygos vein
In this lateral view looking into the dissected pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Prostate gland
Identify the bone indicated by the arrow.
Occipital bone
- Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
- Which nerve supplies this muscle?
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Deep peroneal nerve
Femoral nerve
What is structure 3?
Deltoid muscle
What is structure 9?
Areola
What is structure 12?
Right auricle
Fill in the blanks.
At several sites the veins draining into the portal system anastomose with [blank] veins draining to the inferior or superior vena cava. These porto-caval anastomoses are clinically very important as large volumes of blood can flow through them when the liver is obstructed by disease (such as alcoholic liver disease). These dilated, varicose veins can cause serious haemorrhage at sites such as the lower oesophagus and the rectum.
The spleen is a fist-sized organ lying in the posterior part of the left upper [blank] along the axis of the 9, 10 & 11th ribs. Its main functions are as a processor of worn-out red cells and a source of B-lymphocytes; its large blood supply from the splenic branch of the coeliac trunk makes it vulnerable to rupture leading to severe haemorrhage into the [blank] [blank] in trauma caused by such things as road traffic accidents or being kicked.
At several sites the veins draining into the portal system anastomose with systemic veins draining to the inferior or superior vena cava. These porto-caval anastomoses are clinically very important as large volumes of blood can flow through them when the liver is obstructed by disease (such as alcoholic liver disease). These dilated, varicose veins can cause serious haemorrhage at sites such as the lower oesophagus and the rectum.
The spleen is a fist-sized organ lying in the posterior part of the left upper hypochondrium along the axis of the 9, 10 & 11th ribs. Its main functions are as a processor of worn-out red cells and a source of B-lymphocytes; its large blood supply from the splenic branch of the coeliac trunk makes it vulnerable to rupture leading to severe haemorrhage into the lesser sac in trauma caused by such things as road traffic accidents or being kicked.
Interspinous ligament
Which thigh muscle has its distal attachment at the site indicated by the arrow?
Biceps femoris
What is structure 12?
Greater splanchnic nerve
What is structure 19?
Lateral thoracic vein
What is structure 5?
Pulmonary vein
What is structure 17?
Lateral branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves
In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the artery indicated by the arrows.
Splenic
What is structure 23?
Posterior intercostal artery and vein and intercostal nerve
In this anterior view of the right thigh, identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.
Sartorius
Head of the femur
What is structure 1?
Thyroid gland
In this frontal section of the right kidney, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Papilla
Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Odontoid process
In this lateral view looking into the dissected male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Bladder
What is structure 24?
Diaphragm
What is structure 16?
Descending aorta
You are performing an abdominal examination, on palpation you feel a pulsatile and expansile mass in the umbilical region.
Which of the following is the most likely cause?
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Ascities
- Hepatomegaly
- Splenomegaly
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Sympathetic grey ramus
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Vagus nerve
In this anterior view of the anterior compartment of the right leg, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Anterior tibial
Which arterial pulse you would use to assess the character and volume?
Carotid
The indicated structure is routinely pierced when performing a lumbar puncture. Identify the structure.
Ligamentum flavum
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow?
Oesophagus
Identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Costal arch
Into which vessel does the vein, indicated by the arrow, drain?
Polpiteal vein
- Tibial / small saphenous vein drains into the polpiteal vein
What is structure 12?
Pectoralis major and minor muscles
At what joint(s) does the movement of foot inversion take place?
Subtalar joint
Common peroneal nerve
Identify the structure indicated.
Anterior longitudinal ligament
In this posterior view of the right knee, identify the muscle that is supplied by the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Soleus
What is structure 5?
Azygos vein
Fill in the blanks.
Within the thickness of the mesentery (i.e. between its two peritoneal layers) run the blood [blank] and [blank] that supply the gut. The abdominal gut is divided into three regions: the foregut, the midgut and the [blank]. The presence of a dorsal mesentery is common to all three regions. However, the foregut consisting of the intra-abdominal oesophagus, the [blank] and part of the duodenum also has a ventral mesentery, and so is suspended between the dorsal and ventral abdominal walls. Some abdominal organs, such as the kidneys and [blank] glands, do not become suspended in mesenteries but remain behind the parietal peritoneum – these are called [blank] organs. Within the ventral foregut mesentery grows the liver dividing this mesentery into two parts called the falciform ligament and the lesser [blank]. Within the dorsal foregut mesentery (labelled in the diagram as dorsal mesogastrium and dorsal mesoduodenum) grows the [blank].
Within the thickness of the mesentery (i.e. between its two peritoneal layers) run the blood vessels and nerves that supply the gut. The abdominal gut is divided into three regions: the foregut, the midgut and the hindgut. The presence of a dorsal mesentery is common to all three regions. However, the foregut consisting of the intra-abdominal oesophagus, the stomach and part of the duodenum also has a ventral mesentery, and so is suspended between the dorsal and ventral abdominal walls. Some abdominal organs, such as the kidneys and suprarenal glands, do not become suspended in mesenteries but remain behind the parietal peritoneum – these are called retroperitoneal organs. Within the ventral foregut mesentery grows the liver dividing this mesentery into two parts called the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum. Within the dorsal foregut mesentery (labelled in the diagram as dorsal mesogastrium and dorsal mesoduodenum) grows the spleen.
What is structure 16?
Esophagus and esophageal plexus
What is structure 15?
Rib and external intercostal muscle
Vastus intermedius
What is structure 9?
Liver
What is structure 12?
Last coccygeal vertebra
In this anterior view of the right foot, identify the nerve, indicated by the arrows, that supplies cutaneous innervation to the area painted in blue.
Superficial fibular (peroneal)
What is structure 19?
Left primary bronchus
What is structure 4?
Pectoralis major muscle
During a brachioradialis tendon reflex test, what movements are seen in the upper limb to indicate a positive reflex?
Flexion of elbow, supination or pronation of forearm. ligament
In this lateral view of the right ankle and foot, identify the nerve, indicated by the arrows, that supplies cutaneous innervation to the area painted in blue.
Sural
Fill in the blanks.
The arterial supply of the liver and biliary system comes from the hepatic branch of the [blank] trunk. However, the artery only supplies about 20% of total hepatic blood flow, the rest coming from the portal vein. The portal vein drains the entire gut and its derivatives from the lower part of the oesophagus to the upper part of the rectum, including the pancreas and the spleen. It forms from the [blank] and superior mesenteric veins behind the neck of the pancreas and runs with the bile duct and the hepatic artery in the free edge of the [blank] [blank] to the hilum of the liver.
The arterial supply of the liver and biliary system comes from the hepatic branch of the coeliac trunk. However, the artery only supplies about 20% of total hepatic blood flow, the rest coming from the portal vein. The portal vein drains the entire gut and its derivatives from the lower part of the oesophagus to the upper part of the rectum, including the pancreas and the spleen. It forms from the splenic and superior mesenteric veins behind the neck of the pancreas and runs with the bile duct and the hepatic artery in the free edge of the lesser omentum to the hilum of the liver.
Which nerve is susceptible to injury at the site indicated by the arrow?
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
In this posterior view of the right gluteal region and thigh, which of the following muscles receives its motor innervation from the nerve indicated by the arrow?
Biceps femoris
What is structure 18?
Spleen
What is structure 18?
Right pulmonary artery
What is structure 22?
Medial branches of intercostal arteries
What is structure 1?
Azygos venous arch
Renal artery
What clinical method is suitable for non-invasive, rapid screening of abdominal aortic aneurysms?
Ultrasound imaging
During sensory testing of the dermatomes of the lower limb which spinal nerve root is tested on the dorsum of the middle toe?
L5
In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Common bile duct
In order to assess the rupture of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint which imaging technique is most useful?
MRI of knee, sagittal view
In this anterior view of an isolated pulmonary tree, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Segmental bronchus
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Rectus capitus major
What is structure 5?
Azygos vein
What is structure 24?
Ascending aorta
Which vertebra is shown here?
C1 / Atlas
What is structure 25?
Posterior intercostal vein and artery and intercostal nerve
Identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.
Right subclavian artery
- Name the muscle indicated by the arrow?
- Which nerve supplies this muscle?
- Extensor digitorum muscle
- Radial nerve
What is structure 10?
Nipple (papilla)
What is structure 13?
Right atrium
In this anterior view of abdominal contents, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Transverse mesocolon
In this anterior view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Broad ligament
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Tectorial membrane
In this view looking down into the left side of the male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ductus deferens
Caudate lobe of liver
What is structure 2?
Ganglion of sympathetic trunk
Coeliac ganglion
In a postero-anterior (PA) radiograph of the chest what two structures of the heart occupies most of the right border of the cardiovascular silhouette?
Superior vena cava and right atrium
What is structure 17?
Axillary lymph nodes
- If the nerve labelled A was damaged at a level between the labelling a, which movement(s) would be affected?
- Identify the vessel labelled B
- Plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
- Peroneal (Fibular) artery
What structure indicated by the arrow?
Left renal pelvis
In this posterior view of the right hip and femur, what muscle has its distal attachment at the area indicated by the painted blue line indicated by the arrow?
Adductor longus
What is structure 24?
Sympathetic trunk and sympathetic ganglion
In this anterior view of the right femoral triangle, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Deep femoral
What is structure 9?
Splenius capitis muscle
What is structure 4?
Right pulmonary vein
In this sagittal section of isolated male organs, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Prostatic urethra
What is structure 4?
Aortic arch
What is structure 5?
Spinalis thoracis muscle
In this posterior view of a deep dissection of the right knee and upper leg, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Posterior tibial
Which nerve root is tested in the suprinator reflex?
C6
What is structure 18?
Left pulmonary artery
Where would you palpate the posterior tibial artery pulse?
Posterior to the medial malleolus
In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic)
What is structure 23?
Ramus communicans
What is structure 17?
Thoracic duct
In this lateral view of the right hip and thigh, what muscle has its proximal attachment to the area painted red and its distal attachment to the area painted blue, as indicated by the arrows?
Gluteus medius muscle
What is structure 8?
Lesser occipital nerve
At what plane the hila of the kidneys lie?
Transpyloric Plane
The sympathetic fibres indicated by the arrow contribute to which nerve?
Greater splanchnic nerve
What is structure 16?
Aortic arch
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What is structure 12?
Serratus posterior superior muscle
What is structure 8?
Lateral cutaneous branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves
In this lateral view of the right leg, just below the knee, identify the nerve indicated by the arrow.
Deep fibular (peroneal)
Fill in the blanks.
The peritoneal cavity is one of the spaces derived from the [blank] cavity of the embryo, the others being the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity of the thorax. The peritoneal cavity is lined by a membranous layer called the peritoneum (equivalent to the pleura and pericardium of the thoracic cavities). This lining membrane consists of a simple layer of squamous epithelium, called the [blank], supported by a thin layer of areolar [blank] tissue. However, the arrangement of these layers is rather more complicated than in the pleural and pericardial cavities. Early in its development, the abdominal part of the gut tube becomes suspended from the dorsal (posterior) wall of the [blank] cavity within the free edge of a peritoneal fold called the mesentery.
The peritoneal cavity is one of the spaces derived from the coelomic cavity of the embryo, the others being the pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity of the thorax. The peritoneal cavity is lined by a membranous layer called the peritoneum (equivalent to the pleura and pericardium of the thoracic cavities). This lining membrane consists of a simple layer of squamous epithelium, called the mesothelium, supported by a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. However, the arrangement of these layers is rather more complicated than in the pleural and pericardial cavities. Early in its development, the abdominal part of the gut tube becomes suspended from the dorsal (posterior) wall of the abdominal cavity within the free edge of a peritoneal fold called the mesentery.
In this inferior view of the male perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ischiocavernosus muscle
In this deep dissection, where gluteus maximus (G) has been reflected, name the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Piriformis
What is structure 1?
Platysma muscle
What is structure 11?
Sternum
What is structure 14?
White ramus communicans of sympathetic trunk
In this lateral view of a sagittal section of the male pelvis, identify the structure grasped by the forceps and indicated by the arrow.
Levator ani muscle
Identify the structure at the tip of the arrow.
Intervertebral disc
What is structure 17?
Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
The ventral ramus of which spinal nerve is indicated by the arrow?
T10
Coeliac trunk
What is structure 10?
External abdominal oblique muscle
In this view looking down into the left side of the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Proper ligament of the ovary
What is structure 20?
Lymph vessels
Lesser curvature of the stomach
Which of the following tests is useful to detect a moderate effusion around the knee joint?
Patellar tap test
What is structure 9?
Thoracolumbar fascia
What is structure 10?
Longissimus thoracis muscle
What is structure 15?
Cut edge of pericardium
What is structure 21?
Serratus anterior muscle
In this view looking down into the left side of the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Mesovarium
What is structure 5?
First rib (divided)
What is structure 14?
Serratus anterior muscle (insertion)
What is structure 1?
Internal thoracic artery and vein
What is structure 11?
Splenius cervicis muscle
If a patient was suffering from severe liver cirrhosis, which of the following signs would you be the least likely to see on examination?
- Enlarged kidneys
- Guarding
- Hepatomegaly on palpation and percussion
- Jaundice on inspection
- Shifting dullness to percussion
Enlarged kidneys
What precisely does the structure indicated by the arrow surround?
Right crus of penis
What is structure 3?
Sympathetic trunk
What is structure 14?
Right auricle
In this anterior view of the right hip and femur, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Gracillis
What is structure 4?
Left vagus nerve
What is structure 7?
Latissimus dorsi muscle
In this posterior view of a deep dissection of the right hip, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Quadratus femoris
In this dissection of the spinal cord, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ventral root
Identify the structure or feature indicated by the arrow.
Sacrotuberous ligament
In this posterior view of organs removed from the male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Seminal vesicle
What is structure 5?
Right primary bronchus
In this view of the inguinal region, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Superior crus of superficial inguinal ring
What is structure 17?
Thoracic duct
What is structure 15?
Third occipital nerve
When you perform a valgus stress test of the knee joint, which ligament is being tested?
Medial collateral
In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
In this anterior view of the right thigh, which of the following muscles receives its motor innervation from the nerve indicated by the arrow?
Adductor longus
What is structure 10?
Right phrenic nerve
Gracilis muscle
In this posterior view of the right gluteal region, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Superior gluteal artery
What is structure 3?
Clavicle (divided)
Please select the correct statement.
- The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery.
- The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the subcostal artery.
- The inferior epigastric artery is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta.
- The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery.
- The superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle.
The superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery.
What is structure 10?
Nipple (papilla)
What is structure 10?
Nipple (papilla)
Iliotibial tract
In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Gastroduodenal
What is structure 2?
Clavicle
What is structure 19?
Anterior gastric plexus and stomach (divided)
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.
Multifidus
Transverse colon
- Which muscle lies deep to the muscle labelled A?
- Where is the proximal attachment of the muscle labelled B?
- Gluteus minimus muscle
- Ischial tuberosity
In this view of the large intestine, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.
Teniae coli
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Internal abdominal oblique
What is structure 4?
Semispinalis thoracis muscle
Coronal section MRI knee region.
- Which nerve innervates A?
- When strucure B leaves the knee to enter the leg, it becomes which structure?
- The femoral nerve. (A is sartorius muscle)
- Tibial artery (B is the popliteal artery)
Identify the bony feature at the tip of the arrow.
Pedicle
What is structure 19?
Heart with pericardium
What is structure 8?
Diaphragm
Axial MRI section, right mid-leg.
- Which nerve supplies the structure labelled A?
- Identify the vessel labelled B
- Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve (A is tibialis anterior muscle)
- The short saphenous vein
In this anterior view of the dissected upper abdomen, in which the stomach has been removed, identify the artery indicated by the arrow.
Common hepatic artery
What is structure 17?
Thoracic vertebra
What is structure 6?
Latissimus dorsi muscle
In this anterior view of the right hip and thigh, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Obturator externus muscle
What is structure 14?
Serratus anterior muscle (insertion)
What is structure 18?
Multifidus muscle
Identify the structure(s) indicated by the arrows.
Arcuate line
In this anterior view of the right leg and foot, identify the muscle that is indicated by the arrows.
Extensor digitorum longus
Identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Transverse process
What is structure 14?
Greater occipital nerve
In this anterior view of the skeleton of the right ankle and foot, identify the bone indicated by the arrow.
Cuboid
Where do postganglionic neurons innervating the structure indicated by the arrow originate?
Superior mesenteric plexus
What is structure 18?
Intercostobrachial nerve
What is structure 13?
Conus arteriosus (right ventricle), pulmonic valve
What is structure 9?
Scapula
What is structure 20?
Lymph vessels
What is structure 16?
Apical lymph nodes
In this anterior view of the skeleton of the right thigh, identify the muscle that has its proximal attachment to the area of the femur painted red, as indicated by the arrow.
Vastus intermedius
What is structure 10?
Psoas major muscle
What is structure 11?
Esophagus
What is structure 20?
Left common carotid artery and vagus nerve
What is structure 15?
Sympathetic trunk
What is structure 2?
Thyroid gland and trachea
When examining the knee joint, a posterior sag sign is an indication of injury to which ligament?
Posterior cruciate ligament
What is structure 1?
Right vagus nerve
In this anterior view of the stomach in situ, identify the structure grasped by the forceps and indicated by the arrow.
Lesser omentum
What is structure 5?
Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Right crus of diaphragm
What is structure 14?
Right ventricle
In this lateral view of the right hip, what muscle attaches to the area painted in red, as indicated by the arrow?
Obturator externus
Which ligament is indicated by the arrow?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What is structure 7?
Iliac crest
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Alar ligament
In this lateral view of the right hip bone, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Ischiopubic ramus
In this sagittal section of the isolated testis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Tunica albuginea
In this view looking down into the dissected female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ureter
What is structure 15?
Lactiferous sinus
What is structure 14?
Medial branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves
In this anteromedial view of the proximal end of the tibia, identify the structure grasped by the forceps and indicated by the arrow.
Joint capsule
In this posterior view of the right leg, identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Gastrocnemius
Which dermatome is tested on the medial aspect of the leg?
L4
What is structure 22?
Pancreas
What is structure 13?
Right vagus nerve
In this anterior view of the stomach and other contents of the upper abdomen, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Gastrocolic ligament
What is structure 21?
Left brachiocephalic vein and inferior thyroid vein
What is structure 13?
Mammary gland
Identify the radiographic feature indicated by the arrow.
Costophrenic angle
What is structure 26?
Middle cluneal nerves
What is structure 20?
Trapezius muscle
In this anterior view of the opened left spermatic cord, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ductus deferens
What is structure 1?
Subclavian artery
In this anterior view of the distal end of the right femur, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Lateral condyle
In this lateral view of the right hip and thigh, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Rectus femoris
Body of gall bladder
What is structure 19?
Costal part of diaphragm
From what does the vessel indicated by the arrow originate?
Gastroduodenal artery
What is structure 22?
Medial branches of intercostal arteries
What is structure 20?
Costal margin
What is structure 14?
Ascending aorta and left coronary artery (only in upper figure)
In this view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Round ligament of uterus
Which leg muscle tendon crosses the plantar surface of the foot from the lateral aspect to its distal attachment at the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal, acting to evert the foot and helping to maintain the transverse arch?
Peroneus (Fibularis) longus
In this lateral view of the female pelvis, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.
Rectouterine pouch
Which method you will rely on for a diagnosis of acute appendicitis?
History and physical examination
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.
Long rotator muscle
What is structure 22?
Left internal thoracic artery and vein (divided)
During a routine examination of the lower limb, a patient was asked to stand on one leg while the doctor carefully checks for dropping of the pelvis on the unsupported side (Trendelenberg’s sign). Which of these muscles is part of the group of muscles for which Trendelenberg tests?
Gluteus medius
What is structure 18?
Trachea
What is structure 25?
Pulmonary trunk
What is structure 18?
Spinal cord
On this view of the caudal spinal cord, what is the structure indicated by the white arrow?
Filum terminale
What is structure 6?
Latissimus dorsi muscle
In this lateral view of the right leg and foot, identify the tendon of the muscle indicated by the arrows.
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Identify the muscle whose origin is indicated by the painted surface of the bone.
Obturator internus
Where would you palpate the abdominal aortic pulse on the abdominal wall?
2 cm above the umbilicus along the anterior median line
What is structure 6?
Latissimus dorsi muscle
What is the structure indicated by the arrow the expanded distal end of?
Corpus spongiosum
In this lateral view looking into the dissected female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Bladder
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Longissimus thoracis
Denticulate ligament
What is structure 6?
Primary bronchus
In this anterior view of a coronal section of the stomach, identify the feature indicated by the arrow.
Pyloric antrum
Where would you palpate for the apex beat of the heart in a healthy adult?
5th left intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line
Identify the feature at the tip of the arrow.
Dorsal sacral foramen
Identify the bony feature indicated.
Spinous process
- A branch of which nerve supplies the muscle indicated by the arrow?
- Where is the distal attachment of this muscle?
- Median nerve
- Extensor expansion of the index finger
In this anterior view of the right femoral triangle, identify the structure indicated by the arrow that forms the medial border of the triangle.
Adductor longus muscle
What is structure 8?
Breast tissue
When you perform an ankle jerk reflex test on a patient, which muscles produce movement at the ankle joint?
Soleus and Gastrocnemius
In this anterior view of the right femoral triangle, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Femoral vein
Identify the bony feature indicated.
Inferior articular process
What is structure 13?
Posterior intercostal arteries
What is structure 18?
Intercostobrachial nerve
When you auscultate a healthy adult patient with no lung disease, where would you hear bronchial breathing sounds on their anterior chest wall?
Over the manubrium of the sternum
Round ligamentum of uterus
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Quadratus lumborum muscle
In this anterior view of the right foot, identify the muscle whose tendon is indicated by the arrow.
Extensor hallucis brevis
What is structure 18?
Aorta
What is structure 1?
Posterior intercostal arteries
A suprapubic (Pfannestiel) incision scar on a patient should be observed in which part of the structured abdominal examination?
General inspection
What is structure 3?
Lung
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ramus communicans
What is structure 13?
Mammary gland
When palpating the abdominal aorta, what clinical finding would be most specific to an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Pulsatile and expansile
In this posterior view of the right femur, identify the bony feature indicated by the arrow.
Gluteal tuberosity
Fill in the blanks.
A double sheet of peritoneum grows out from the dorsal foregut mesentery below the spleen and hangs down like an apron in front of the coils of small intestine. This fold is called the [blank] omentum.
A double sheet of peritoneum grows out from the dorsal foregut mesentery below the spleen and hangs down like an apron in front of the coils of small intestine. This fold is called the greater omentum.
In this medial view of the right ankle and foot, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Calcaneonavicular ligament
What is structure 16?
Aortic arch
Gall bladder
- Identify the knee joint structure labelled A
- Which joint movement is restricted by B?
- Lateral meniscus (one of the cartilages of the knee).
- Adduction (of the leg at the knee)
What is structure 23?
Pectoralis minor muscle
What is structure 5?
Brachial plexus and subclavian artery
When examining for kidney enlargement using bimanual technique your non palpating hand will be placed posteriorly in the renal angle area. Where would you place the palpating hand?
Subcostal region between the midclavicular and anterior axillary lines
In this posterior view of the underside of the right foot, identify the ligament that is indicated by the arrow.
Long plantar
T12 & L1
What is structure 15?
Thoracic aorta and left vagus nerve
What is structure 14?
Left primary bronchus
Ischiopubic ramus
What is structure 3?
Intercostal nerve
In this inferior view of the male perineum, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Perineal membrane
What is structure 6?
Posterior intercostal artery
What is structure 16?
Esophagus and esophageal plexus
Identify the muscle whose origin is indicated by the line at the tip of the arrows.
Erector spinae
Identify precisely the structure indicated by the arrow.
Tail of the pancreas
What is structure 2?
Phrenic nerve and scalenus anterior muscle
- Identify the nerve labelled A
- The nerves marked with asterisks (*) are part of which structure?
- Femoral nerve
- Sacral plexus
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrow.
Middle scalene
In this anterior view of the right ankle and foot, identify the blood vessel indicated by the arrow.
Dorsalis pedis artery
What is structure 7?
Medial mammarian branches of intercostal nerves
In this view looking down into the female pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Uterine tube
What is structure 16?
Lesser occipital nerve
Sigmoid colon
What is structure 21?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (branch of axillary nerve)
Identify the muscle indicated by the arrows.
Short rotator muscle
In this internal view of the lateral wall of the pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrows.
Sympathetic trunk
What is structure 21?
Celiac trunk and celiac plexus
What is structure 15?
Inferior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve
Which part of the urethra is located within the structure indicated?
Prostatic part of urethra
What is structure 11?
Left brachiocephalic vein
In this anterior view of the right thigh, which of the following muscles receives its motor innervation from the nerve indicated by the arrow?
Quadriceps femoris
A person’s weight carried by the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar, vertebrae is directly supported by the structure indicated. Identify the structure.
Body of S1
In this close-up view of the structures on the posterior abdominal wall, identify the vessel indicated by the arrow.
Superior mesenteric vein
What is structure 5?
Medial margin of scapula
What is structure 6?
Posterior intercostal artery
In this lateral view looking into the dissected male pelvis, identify the structure indicated by the arrow.
Ureter
