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surgery > anatomy pearls > Flashcards

anatomy pearls Flashcards

1
Q

What is the drainage of the left testicular vein?

A

Left renal vein

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2
Q

What is the drainage of the right testicular vein?

A

IVC

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3
Q

What is Gerota’s fascia?

A

Fascia surrounding the kidney

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4
Q

What are the prominent collateral circulations seen in portal hypertension?

A

Esophageal varices, hemorrhoids (inferior hemorrhoidal vein to internal iliac vein), patent umbilical vein (caput medusa), and retroperitoneal vein via lumbar tributaries

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5
Q

What parts of the GI tract are retroperitoneal?

A

Most of the duodenum, the ascending colon, the descending colon, and the pancreas

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6
Q

What is the name of the lymph nodes between the pectoralis minor and major muscles?

A

Rotter’s lymph nodes

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7
Q

Is the L vagus nerve anterior or posterior?

A

Anterior; remember that the esophagus rotates clockwise during development

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8
Q

What is Morrison’s pouch?

A

Hepatorenal recess; the most posterior cavity within the peritoneal cavity

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9
Q

Foregut location

A

Mouth to ampulla of Vater

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10
Q

Midgut location

A

Ampulla of Vater to distal third of transverse colon

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11
Q

Hindgut location

A

Distal third of transverse colon to the anus

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12
Q

Where are the blood vessels on a rib?

A

Vein, Artery, and Nerve (VAN) are underneath the rib (thus, place chest tubes and thoracentesis needles above the rib!)

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13
Q

What is Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

Area bordered by: 1. Inguinal ligament 2. Epigastric vessels 3. Lateral border of the rectus sheath

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14
Q

What nerve is located on top of the spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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15
Q

What is Calot’s triangle?

A

Area bordered by: 1. Cystic duct 2. Common hepatic duct 3 . Cystic artery

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16
Q

What is Calot’s node?

A

Lymph node found in Calot’s triangle

17
Q

What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

Cantle’s line - line drawn from IVC to just left of the gallbladder fossa

18
Q

What is the gastrinoma triangle?

A

Triangle where >90% of gastrinomas are located, bordered by:

  1. Junction of the second and third portions of the duodenum
  2. Cystic duct
  3. Pancreatic neck
19
Q

Which artery is responsible for anterior spinal syndrome?

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz

20
Q

How can you find the appendix after you find the cecum?

A

Trace the taeniae back as they converge on the origin of the appendix

21
Q

Where is the space of Retzius?

A

Preperitoneal space anterior to the bladder

22
Q

What are the white lines of Toldt?

A

Lateral peritoneal reflections of the ascending and descending colon

23
Q

What is the strongest layer of the small bowel?

A

Submucosa

24
Q

Which parts of the GI tract do not have a serosa?

A

Esophagus

Middle and distal rectum

25
Q

What is the vein that overlies the pylorus?

A

Vein of mayo

26
Q

What does the thoracic duct empty into?

A

Left subclavian vein; left internal jugular vein junction

27
Q

What is the coronary vein?

A

Left gastric vein

28
Q

What is the hypogastric artery?

A

Internal iliac artery

29
Q

Which is longer, the left or right renal vein?

A

Left

30
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall? (8)

A
  1. Skin, then fat
  2. Scarpa’s fascia, then more fat.
  3. External oblique
  4. Internal oblique
  5. Transversus abdominis
  6. Transversalis fascia
  7. Preperitoneal fat
  8. Peritoneum
31
Q

What are the plicae circulares?

A

Circular folds of the mucosa of the small intestine

32
Q

What are the major structural differences between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum—long vasa rectae; large plicae circulares; thicker wall
Ileum—shorter vasa rectae; smaller plicae ciruclares; thinner wall (Think: Ileum = inferior vasa rectae, inferior plicae circulares, inferior wall)

33
Q

What are the major anatomic differences between the colon and small bowel?

A

Colon has taeniae coli, haustra, and appendices epiploicae (fat appendages), whereas the small intestine is smooth

34
Q

How far up does the diaphragm extend?

A

To the nipples in men (Fourth intercostal space; thus, the abdomen extends to the level of the nipples)

surgery (4 decks)

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