Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Anatomy PathologiesUpper extremity > Flashcards

Anatomy PathologiesUpper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Dislocated epiphysis of femoral head that occurs in children 10-17 years old can result in what change to the angle of inclination?

A

Angle of inclination reduces to about 90 degrees, this is called coxa vara

Radiology to confirm dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which arteries can cause bleeding and femoral head necrosis

A

Injury to the retinacular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bone graft using the fibula utilizes what area of the fibula?

A

middle third where the nutrient foramen is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what tarsal most likely to fracture?

A

5th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Varicose Veins, Thrombosis, Thromboplebitis all cause due to a failure of valves in the perforating vines that are tributaries from the ———— vein.

A

great saphenous vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

winged scapula

A

can’t comb hair
long thoracic injury
serratus anterior not working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nerve can be injured during surgery in the shoulder/axilla that leads to the pt not being able to do pull ups or climb or use crutches?

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve that innverates the lats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

injury to the dorsal scapular nerve would affect the

A

Levator SCapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Loss of sensation on the lateral side of the proximal arm skin could be caused by a shoulder joint dislocation, humeral surgical neck fracture, intramuscular injection of medication. You should definitely test what muscle function?

A

Deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Triangular and quadrangular space formed by the teres major and long head of the triceps. what exits the triangular space and what exits the quadrangular space?

A

Traingular space contains: circumflex scapular artery

Quadrangular Space:

  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Axillary Nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How would you test for a rotator cuff injury?

A

ask patient to lower arms (Adduct from 90degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the supraspinatus the most injured rotator cuff muscle?

A

It is limited by the acromion and so gets torn and inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pain during abduction (50degrees to 130 degrees) is referred to as

A

Painful arc syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Painful arc syndrome is a result of

A

Subacromia bursitis and calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What bursa is affected in Painful arc syndrome?

A

The bursa that sits between the tendon of the supraspinatus and the acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and deltoid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the axillary vein were blocked, what collateral venous route could be affected?

A

Thoracoepigastric Vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What Axillary lymph node is the first to be enlarged usually as result from infection or cancer of the shoulder and thoracic region

A

The Humeral Group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The cephalic vein is obstructed by a lymph node. Which one most likely?

A

Apical axillary lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A surgeon completes an axillary lymph node dissection. Which two muscles are at risk because of the nerves that run through the axilla?

A

The serratus anterior (Long thoracic)

the Latissimus dorsi (Thoracodorsal nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Dorsal scapular nerve is injured. You are no longer able to

A

elevate the scapula because the levator scapulae and rhomboids are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A swimmer hypertrophies the middle and posterior scalene muscles and all of a sudden isn’t able to comb her hair because

A

The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic nerve which
rotates inferior angle of the scapula (punching/reaching forward)
-holds scapula against thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The axillary nerve has been damaged when an elderly woman FOOSHd. Even though the arm is stable, what part of the humerus is likely affected?

A

Surgical neck. Pt probably lost sensation to lateral aspect of the upper arm. can’t abduct past 15 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

You can’t feel the skin on the lateral side of dorsum of the hand and the lateal 3 and a half fingers. What nerve is likely affected?

A

Superficial branch of the Radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

You can’t extend your wrist

A

(deep branch of the) Radial nerve issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The proximal posterior aspect of your arm is compressed after sleeping on a table all night. What could this result in

A

Saturday Night Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What area of the humerus would put the radial nerve and deep arm vessels at risk if fractured?

A

The Radial groove (mid humeral fracture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The distal end of the humerus if fractured could result in injury that would affect a patient’s ability to

A

abduct the thumb, flex the first 2 fingers. Because this would affect the median nerve that crosses lateral to the median epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The medial epicondyle is fractured. The patient can’t flex his 5th and part of his 4th fingers. What nerve injury is responsible for this?

A

ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Shoulder dystocia or falling on the head and neck can cause injury to what cervical level leading to Erb’s Palsy

A

C5, C6 (Erb’s Palsy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What muscles are paralyzed in Erb’s palsy?

A

Deltoid, Biceps, Brachialis, brachioradialis

this leads to waiters tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Klumpke’s palsy is injury to what part of the brachial plexus?

A

The inferior part: C8, T1 possibly from sudden pull of the arm like grabbing a tree branch of grabbing arm during delivery of baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In Backpacker’s palsy, microinjuries to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus can lead to sensory deficits in the distribution of the what 2 nerves

A

Musculocutaneous and Radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A man paints his ceiling and experiences pain running down his arm numbness and tingling. What aspect of the brachial plexus is affected?

A

superior part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

You want to operate on someone’s upper limb without using general anesthesis. What plexus would you try to anesthetize and where would you inject?

A

anesthetize the angle between the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid and the clavicle. It has to go into the axillary sheath containing the cords not into the vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

a pt presents with crepitus in the shoulder, she is a softball pitcher and also plays racquetball. The shoulder is tender and has similar pain levels with active and passive movement. What is the insertion, innervation and origin of the presenting tendinitis of this muscle

A

She has biceps tendinitis which affects the long head of the biceps originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and inserts on the radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis. The tendon is in a synovial sheath that travels through the intertubercular groove and can sustain microtrauma from repeated actions like throwing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Dislocation of the long head of the biceps is associated with what other injury 70% of the time

A

Rotator cuff injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

If the tendon of the long of the biceps ruptures, where does the detached muscle belly go?

A

It’s pulled distally— popeye deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

A kid is playing football and is hit and his arm is fucked up. What’s ikely ∂islocated?

A

the proximal humeral epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

blood pressure cuff blocks circulation in what artery?

A

The Brachial Artery

40
Q

What muscles would be affected with occlusion or laceration of the brachial artery?

A

Forearm flexor muscles affected from the ischemia.

41
Q

Where would you apply pressure to stop bleeding if someone’s forearm were lacerated?

A

middle of the arm before the deep artery of the arm branches out.

42
Q

What nerve pierces the coracobrachialis and if injured from a weapon would result in weakened forearm flexion and supination and loss of sensation on the lateral surface of the forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

43
Q

someone can’t feel the dorsum of the hand and digits. They also can’t extend their elbow or supinate their arm or extend thei MCPs. What nerve injury?

A

Radial nerve injury

44
Q

wrist-drop sign is when

A

someone has sustained a radial nerve injury and they are unable to extend the MCP joints because the extensor muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the radian nerve

45
Q

What nerve can compress the median nerve and lead to pain and tenderness in the proximal anterior forearm?

A

Median Nerve.

In pronator syndrome the median nerve can be compressed by the heads of the pronator teres muscles.

46
Q

If someone has pronator syndrome which involves median nerve compression, what will happen when they try to form a fist?

A

the patient can’t flex the PIPs of 1-3 and can’t flex the tips of 2 and 3

Pope’s benediction

47
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris compressed what nerve within the cubital tunnel?

A

Ulnar Nerve presenting with a claw hand

wrist is drawn lateral when making a fist

48
Q

Fracture of the the medial epicondyle puts what nerve at risk?

A

Ulnar nerve injury

49
Q

Injury to guyon’s canal affects what nerve that travels between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the Flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulnar nerve

50
Q

If you can’t feel the skin of your posterior forearm, what branch of the radial nerve may be affected?

A

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve

51
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve turn into?

A

the posterior interosseous nerve

52
Q

Tennis elbow can be from inflammation of the periosteum of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. what muscles insert here?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor carpi ulnaris

also supinator

53
Q

tennis elbow hurts when?

A

at rest or opening a door or lifting a glass

54
Q

Golfer’s elbow affects which muscles?

A

PFPF

medial epicondylitis

55
Q

what branch of the radial nerve would cause wrist drop and what branch would cause anesthesia of the dorsal hand?

A

Deep branch injury: can’t extend the MCPs

Superficial Branch Injury: can’t feel the back of hand

56
Q

You look at the palm of someone’s hand and it shows progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia and aponeurosis. Which fingers are mainly perma-flexed

A

The 4th and 5th are pulled in partial flexion

57
Q

Someone punctures their common synovial sheath of the flexors, what digit is in communication with that synovial sheath that the infection could spread to?

A

The 5th digit. This is tenosynovitis

58
Q

A patient experiences radiating pain when they adduct their thumb and adduct their wrist joint. The synovial sheath of what tendons have likely undergone fibrous thickening?

A

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Extensor Pollicis brevis

59
Q

Fibrous thickening of the synovial sheath of the Abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis is called?

A

De Quervain’s Tenovaginitis

60
Q

Fibrous thickening of the Flexor digitorum superficialism and flexor digitorum profundus tendons could cause a snapping sound on passive extension known as

A

Digital Tenovaginitis Stenosans (trigger finger)

61
Q

What sort of injections could you try before surgical intervention of trigger finger?

A

Steroid injections

62
Q

If the palmar arterial arches are lacerated, why might there be profuse bleeding?

A

extensive anastamoses. stop bleeding at brachial artery

63
Q

thenar muscle weakness and atrophy seen in

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

64
Q

difficulty opposing thumb

A

carpal tunnel syndrome possibly

65
Q

trauma to median nerve could affect the ability of the thumb to flex and abduct

A

carpal tunnel

66
Q

Cyclist’s palsy involved ulnar nerve damage in what area?

A

the hand

67
Q

The superior gluteal nerve on the right side is injured. What side of the hip will drop?

A

the left side.

68
Q

sciatic nerve can be injured by

A

compression (hypertrophy of the piriformis)

Sciatica (irritation and inflammation due to chronic pressure

69
Q

Does the sternoclavicular joint break very often?

A

no it’s super tough

70
Q

shoulder separation vs dislocation

A

separation: AC joint dislocation + coracoclavicular ligament borken
dislocation: humeral head dislocated from glenoid cavity

71
Q

AC joint dislocation can happen from?

A

FOOSH

72
Q

what part of the glenohumeral joint is most weak and a point for joint dislocation?

A

inferior glenohumeral joint

73
Q

If you aren’t able to flex your shoulder which muscles are affected (4)

A

Pec Major
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachii

74
Q

If you can’t extend your shoulder which muscles affected? (2)

A

Latissimus

Deltoid

75
Q

Shoulder abduction controlled by (?)

A

Supraspinatus to 15 degrees

Deltoid after that

76
Q

Shoulder Adduction controlled by

A

Pec Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Rotator Cuff muscles

77
Q

Shoulder Medial Rotators controlled by (3)

A

Subscapularis
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi

78
Q

Shoulder lateral Rotators

A

Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

79
Q

Resist downaward dislocation of the joint

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Long head of the triceps
Deltoid

80
Q

what tendon is affected in painful arc syndrome?

A

Supraspinatus tendon

there is also inflammation of the subacromial bursa

81
Q

Frozen shoulder is from fibrosis that occurs as a result of what injuries?

A

Painful arc

Partial Tearing of rotator cuff

Bicipital tendonitis

82
Q

What is the most common shoulder dislocation?

A

anterior dislocaiton from a hard blow when shoulder is abducted

83
Q

What nerve can be affected by glenohumeral joint dislocation?

A

Axillary nerve

84
Q

Glenoid Labrum tears happen to what sort of athlete?

A

pitchers/ baseball throwers

85
Q

You are flexing your elbow what main muscles are you using?

A

Brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialis

86
Q

You are extending your elbow what muscles are you using

A

Triceps

87
Q

What bursa in the olecranon can become inflamed due to repeated pressure or friction? This is known as Student’s elbow

A

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

88
Q

Elbow dislocation can affect what nerve?

A

Ulnar Nerve

89
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow a dislocation from what ligament

A

Annular ligament

90
Q

colles fracture

A

distal 2cm radial fracture

91
Q

Anterior dislocation of the lunate

A

happens to dorsiflexed wrist, lunate is dislocated into the carpal tunnel or the palm pressing the median nerve

92
Q

Fracture-dislocation of the distal radial epiphysis

A

happens to children, radial epiphysis is displaced dorsally

93
Q

gamekeeper’s thumb

A

thumb sprain from a torn collateral ligament

94
Q

Mallet finger

A

distal extensor tendon rupture from evulsio of extensor tendon

95
Q

Jersey finger

A

distal flexor tendon rupture from ruptured flexor digitorum profundus tendon from attachment on the distal phalanx

96
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

extensor slip rupture of the central tendinous slip of the extensor hood

MSK (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions