Anatomy (p.4-1)

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

take extremities (arms and legs) away from the midline

Question 2

Fascia

Answer 2

-continuous sheet located directly beneath the skin, throughout the body -firm when cool, more pliable when warm

Question 3

Protraction

Answer 3

move toward front midline of body

Question 4

Transverse Plane

Answer 4

twisting (Rotation)

Question 5

Antagonist

Answer 5

muscle(s) directly opposite (on the other side of the joint) as to the agonist/primary muscle(s)

Question 6

Eccentric Contraction

Answer 6

muscle engagement during active muscle lengthening (e.g. triceps in Chaturanga when lowering to Low Plank)

Question 7

Depression

Answer 7

move down toward feet

Question 8

Frontal Plane

Answer 8

side to side (Abduction, Adduction, Inversion, Eversion)

Question 9

Hyperextension

Answer 9

extending joint beyond neutral position

Question 10

Co-contraction

Answer 10

Agonist and antagonist are simultaneously active. Muscle co-contraction increases joint stability and facilitates joint control.

Question 11

Sagittal Plane

Answer 11

forward and back (Flexion, Extension)

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

moving sole of foot toward medial plane (e.g. back foot in Warrior I)

Question 13

Plantarflexion

Answer 13

Move the top of the foot away from the shin (e.g. point your toes)

Question 14

Adduction

Answer 14

take extremities (arms and legs) toward the midline

Question 15

Agonist

Answer 15

primary muscle(s) responsible for the desired motion at a joint

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

-connect muscle to bone (connects fascia of muscles to fascia of bones) -thicker version of fascia

Question 17

Concentric Contraction

Answer 17

muscle engagement during active muscle shortening (e.g. rectus abdominus when moving up in Basic Crunch)

Question 18

Elevation

Answer 18

lift up towards head

Question 19

Kyphosis

Answer 19

curve towards back body - thoracic spine, sacral spine

Question 20

Rotation

Answer 20

rotary movement in hips, shoulders, spine (external/lateral vs internal/medial rotation)

Question 21

Isometric Contraction

Answer 21

muscle engagement under constant muscle length without movement (e.g. rectus abdominus in Boat Pose)

Question 22

Axial Skeleton

Answer 22

skull, sternum, ribs, spine

Question 23

Eversion

Answer 23

moving sole of foot away from medial plane

Question 24

Ligaments

Answer 24

-connect bone to bone at a joint -thicker version of fascia -stabilize joint, control mobility -limited to no elasticity. Over-stretching or injury to ligaments compromises the stability potential of a joint.

Question 25

Extension

Answer 25

straightens or opens a joint (e.g. backbend)

Question 26

Supination

Answer 26

external rotation resulting in appendage facing up

Question 27

Retraction

Answer 27

move toward back midline of body

Question 28

Flexion

Answer 28

bends a joint or brings the bones closer together (e.g. curling your body into a ball, fetal pose, forward fold)

Question 29

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 29

shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower extremities

Question 30

Lordosis

Answer 30

curve towards front body - cervical spine, lumbar spine

Question 31

Circumduction

Answer 31

circular movement (e.g. drawing a circle with your arm)

Question 32

Stabilizer

Answer 32

muscle(s) that hold a joint in place while the exercise is being performed and the main muscles are supported.

Question 33

Pronation

Answer 33

internal rotation resulting in appendage facing down

Question 34

Dorsiflexion

Answer 34

Move the top of the foot towards the shin (Warrior I front leg, Malasana Frog)