Anatomy overview Flashcards
4 planes
frontal
median
sagittal
transverse
Frontal plane
Separates Ant Post
Transverse plane
separates super inf
median plane
perfectly separates L and R side of body
Sagittal plane
off center L and R side of body
dorsal body cavity
back of body
brain
spinal cord
ventral body
thoracic cavity
diaphragm
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
mediastinum
pleural cavity
pericardial cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
Visceral vs parietal vs mucous
visceral = covers organs parietal = lines cavities mucous = external barrier and lubrication
sharpey’s fibers
Penetrates the bone and connect endosteum to periosteum and help anchor ligaments and tendons to the bone
synarthrosis
joint does not move
ampiarthrosis
semi movable
diarthrosis
freely movable
types of fibrous joints
suture
syndesmoses
gomphosis
types of cartilaginous joints
synchondrosis
syphyses
synovial joint characteristics
1) have cavity termed synovial joint cavity
2) functional type = diarthrosis which is a freely movable joint
3) joint surfaces of bones are covered with articular cartilage that forms a smooth slick surface; functions of articular cartilage are:
a. reduce friction between bones
b. shock absorbers
c. labrum=edge of cartilage and forms part of the socket of a ball and socket joint
4) articular capsule functions to:
a. hold bones together=ligament (ligaments limit mobility?)
b. forms synovial cavity
c. produce synovial fluid=lubrication
d. joint sensation-sensory nerve (proprioception)
5) accessory ligaments of a synovial joint do not form part of the capsule
a. extracapsular ligaments lie outside capsule
- example colateral ligaments of knee joint
b. intracapsular ligaments lie inside the synovial cavity and are not part of the capsule
- example cruciate ligaments of the knee joint
c. may contain accessory pads of fibrocartilage which lie between articular surfaces called articular discs or menisci which function to
- additional shock absorber
- increase joint stability by providing a tighter fit between bones
d. capsule and ligaments of synovial joints have sensory nerve endings for
- pain
- stretch
- proprioception (detect movement and positioning)
6) Bursae is a fluid filled sac located in the area of a joint which acts as a cushion between:
a. skin and bone
b. tendon and bone
c. muscle and bone
d. ligaments and bone
7) Tendon sheath is a fluid filled tube surrounding tendons where they pass through a synovial joint. Examples include biceps tendon through shoulder joint; flexor tendons through wrist joint; extensor tendons through ankle joint.
Synovial joints types
planar hinge pivot condyloid saddle ball and socket
muscle classifactions
Flat pennate parallel fusiform convergent quadrate circular multi-headed
Blood flow
- Circulatory System
Deoxygenated Blood From Tissue Capillaries ↓ Superior Vena Cava (from head, arms, thoracic) ↓ Inferior Vena Cava (from abdomen, legs) ↓ Coronary Sinus (from heart) ↓ Right Atria ↓ Right Atrio-Ventricular Valve (tricuspid) ↓ Right Ventricle ↓ Pulmonary Semilunar Valve ↓ Pulmonary Trunk ↓ Large Elastic Pulmonary Arteries ↓ Medium Muscular Arteries ↓ Small Arteries=Arterioles ↓ Lung Capillaries ↓ Oxygenated Blood ↓ Venules/Small Veins/Venous Plexus ↓ Medium Veins ↓ Large Veins ↓ Pulmonary Veins ↓ Left Atria ↓ Left Atrio-Ventricular Valve (bicuspid, mitral) ↓ Left Ventricle ↓ Aortic Semilunar Valve ↓ Aorta ↓ Large Diameter Elastic Arteries ↓ Medium Diameter Muscular Arteries ↓ Small Diameter Arteries=Arterioles ↓ Tissue Capillaries ↓ Deoxygenated Blood From Tissue Capillaries ↓ Superior Vena Cava (from head, arms, thoracic) ↓ Inferior Vena Cava (from abdomen, legs) ↓ Coronary Sinus (from heart) ↓ Right Atria ↓ Keeps Repeating the Loop for a Lifetime
