Anatomy overview

Question 1

4 planes

Answer 1

frontal
median
sagittal
transverse

Question 2

Frontal plane

Answer 2

Separates Ant Post

Question 3

Transverse plane

Answer 3

separates super inf

Question 4

median plane

Answer 4

perfectly separates L and R side of body

Question 5

Sagittal plane

Answer 5

off center L and R side of body

Question 6

dorsal body cavity

Answer 6

back of body
brain
spinal cord

Question 7

ventral body

Answer 7

thoracic cavity
diaphragm
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity

Question 8

thoracic cavity

Answer 8

mediastinum
pleural cavity
pericardial cavity

Question 9

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 9

abdominal cavity

pelvic cavity

Question 10

Visceral vs parietal vs mucous

Answer 10

visceral = covers organs
parietal = lines cavities
mucous = external barrier and lubrication

Question 11

sharpey’s fibers

Answer 11

Penetrates the bone and connect endosteum to periosteum and help anchor ligaments and tendons to the bone

Question 12

synarthrosis

Answer 12

joint does not move

Question 13

ampiarthrosis

Answer 13

semi movable

Question 14

diarthrosis

Answer 14

freely movable

Question 15

types of fibrous joints

Answer 15

suture
syndesmoses
gomphosis

Question 16

types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 16

synchondrosis

syphyses

Question 17

synovial joint characteristics

Answer 17

1) have cavity termed synovial joint cavity
2) functional type = diarthrosis which is a freely movable joint
3) joint surfaces of bones are covered with articular cartilage that forms a smooth slick surface; functions of articular cartilage are:
a. reduce friction between bones
b. shock absorbers
c. labrum=edge of cartilage and forms part of the socket of a ball and socket joint
4) articular capsule functions to:
a. hold bones together=ligament (ligaments limit mobility?)
b. forms synovial cavity
c. produce synovial fluid=lubrication
d. joint sensation-sensory nerve (proprioception)
5) accessory ligaments of a synovial joint do not form part of the capsule
a. extracapsular ligaments lie outside capsule
- example colateral ligaments of knee joint
b. intracapsular ligaments lie inside the synovial cavity and are not part of the capsule
- example cruciate ligaments of the knee joint
c. may contain accessory pads of fibrocartilage which lie between articular surfaces called articular discs or menisci which function to
- additional shock absorber
- increase joint stability by providing a tighter fit between bones
d. capsule and ligaments of synovial joints have sensory nerve endings for
- pain
- stretch
- proprioception (detect movement and positioning)
6) Bursae is a fluid filled sac located in the area of a joint which acts as a cushion between:
a. skin and bone
b. tendon and bone
c. muscle and bone
d. ligaments and bone
7) Tendon sheath is a fluid filled tube surrounding tendons where they pass through a synovial joint. Examples include biceps tendon through shoulder joint; flexor tendons through wrist joint; extensor tendons through ankle joint.

Question 18

Synovial joints types

Answer 18

planar
hinge
pivot
condyloid
saddle
ball and socket

Question 19

muscle classifactions

Answer 19

Flat
pennate
parallel 
fusiform
convergent
quadrate
circular
multi-headed

Question 20

Blood flow

Answer 20

1. Circulatory System

		Deoxygenated Blood From Tissue Capillaries
	 	↓
		Superior Vena Cava (from head, arms, thoracic)
		↓
		Inferior Vena Cava (from abdomen, legs)
		↓
		Coronary Sinus (from heart)
		↓	
		Right Atria
		↓
		Right Atrio-Ventricular Valve (tricuspid)
		↓
		Right Ventricle
		↓
		Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
		↓
		Pulmonary Trunk
		↓
		Large Elastic Pulmonary Arteries
		↓
		Medium Muscular Arteries
		↓
		Small Arteries=Arterioles
		↓
		Lung Capillaries
		↓
		Oxygenated Blood
		↓
		Venules/Small Veins/Venous Plexus
		↓
		Medium Veins
		↓
		Large Veins
		↓
		Pulmonary Veins
		↓
		Left Atria
		↓
		Left Atrio-Ventricular Valve (bicuspid, mitral)
		↓
		Left Ventricle
		↓
		Aortic Semilunar Valve
		↓
		Aorta
		↓
		Large Diameter Elastic Arteries
		↓
		Medium Diameter Muscular Arteries
		↓
		Small Diameter Arteries=Arterioles
		↓
		Tissue Capillaries
		↓
		Deoxygenated Blood From Tissue Capillaries
		↓
		Superior Vena Cava (from head, arms, thoracic)
		↓
		Inferior Vena Cava (from abdomen, legs)
		↓
		Coronary Sinus (from heart)
		↓
		Right Atria
		↓
		Keeps Repeating the Loop for a Lifetime