Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr2 Anatomy - Alimentary > Anatomy Overview 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Overview 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 sections of the abdomen and the two lines seperating them?

A 
Right upper quadrant
R. lower Quadrant
L. Upper quadrant
L. Lower Quadrant
- Transumbilical line 
- Medial Line?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Note the 9 sections of the abdomen and what gut section they belong to

A

Foregut : R. Hypochondrium - Epigastrium - L. Hypochondrium

Midgut: R. Lumbar - Periumbilical - L Lumbar

Hindgut: R. Iliac Fossa - Hypogastrium - L Iliac Fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus?

A

Cervical (Pharyngoesophageal)

Thoracic (Broncho-Aortic) - Where its crossed by the aortic arch & L main bronchus

Diaphragmatic - Where it passes through the oesophageal hiatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum?

A

Pyloric Sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the stomach bed?

A

The structures on which the stomach rests:

Diaphragm - Spleen - Left Kidney - Adrenal gland - splenic artery - Pancreas - Transverse mesocolon - Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

A broad fold of peritoneum connecting the transverse colon to the wall.
See? Its transverse colon + Meso for mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the major sections/landmarks of the stomach?

A

Cardia - Where oesophagus becomes stomach

Cardial Notch - Notch above cardia

Fundus - Superior section above cardia

Body - Bulk of stomach from cardia down to pylorus

Pyloric antrum & Pyloric canal

Pyloric sphincter

Greater & LEsser curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name & explain one major developmental pathology of the stomach

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis (aka hypertrophic pyloric stenosis)
Thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus leads to stenosis of the sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the important ligaments of the liver?

A

Falciform Ligament - between lobes

Round ligament - Found on the free edge of the falciform ligament (inferiorly) & left over from the umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

A mostly posterior area of liver uncovered by peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do the ribs relate to the liver?

A

The liver lies deep to ribs 7-11 on the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the gastric area of the lvier?

A

inferior surface of the left lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the colic area of the liver?

A

to the right of the gall bladder fossa and in front of the renal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the renal area of the liver?

A

Right of gall bladder fossa

Behind colic area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the duodenal impression?

A

medial to the renal impression, between it and the neck of the gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the caudate lobe of the liver?

A

On the postero-superior surface of hte right lobe.

Between the IVC - ligamentum venosum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

three structures entering the liver above the colic area medial/superior to the gall bladder

  • Hepatic Artery
  • Portal Vein
  • Bile Duct (actually leaving)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of gall bladder/bile ducts?

A

To store/concentrate up to 50ml of bile from the liver then transport it to the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cystic artery and where does it lie?

A

The artery supplying the gall bladder.
During removal it must be clamped, misclamping can lead to killing the liver.
Its found in the triangle of calot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Qhat is the triangle of calot?

A

A triangle containing the cystic artery of the gall bladder, its formed by:

  • Common hepatic duct (drain bile from liver)
  • Cystic Duct (gall bladder -> Bile duct)
  • Visceral surface of the liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the risk factors of biliary colic and what is it?

A

Biliary colic is sudden pain due to a gallstone blocking the bile duct.
Four Fs:
Fat - Female - Fertile - Forty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

An accessory digestive gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is the pancreas exocrine or endocrine?

A

Both!
Exocrine - Pancreatic Juice
Endocrine - Insulin & Glucagon

24
Q

Is the pancreas retro or intraperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

25
Q

At what level is the pancreas found?

A

L1/L2 on the transpyloric plane

26
Q

What are the sections of the pancreas?

A

Head Neck Body Tail

27
Q

How the pancreas relate tot he portal vein?

A

The portal vein is found behind the neck of the pancreas

28
Q

What is the spleen and where is it found?

A

A mobile haemo-lymphoid organs found in the left hypochondrium behind left ribs 9-11

29
Q

Is the spleen intra or retorperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

30
Q

What is the most common pathology of the spleen?

A

Splenomegaly due to many causes such as anaemia or typhoid fever

31
Q

Explain the arterial supply of the foregut:

A

Abdominal Aorta -> Celiac Trunk (T12) ->:

  • > Left Gastric Artery
  • > Hepatic Artery
  • > Splenic Artery
32
Q

What structures are found in the foregut?

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Spleen
1st half of duodenum
33
Q

What structures are found in the midgut?

A 
Rest of duodenum, Jejunum & Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Asc. Colon
1st 2/3rds of the Transverse Colon
34
Q

Where do the bile and pancreatic ducts join the gut tube?

A

At the duodenum

35
Q

What is the most fixed part of the gut tube?

A

The duodenum

36
Q

How do we tell between the jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum has:

  • Longer vasa recta with less loops of arterial arcades in its mesentery.
  • Also less fat in the mesenter
  • Greater Vasculature
  • Thicker & heavier than the ileum
37
Q

Explain the arterial supply of the midgut?

A

Abdominal Aorta (L1) -> Superior Mesenteric Artery ->:

  • > Jejunal & Ileal arteries
  • > Middle Colic
  • > Right Colic
  • > Ileocolic
38
Q

What branches of the superior mesenteric artery supply what structures?

A

Jejunal & Ileal arteries = duh

Ileocolic = Last part of ileum, cecum and appendix

Right Colic = Asc. Colon

Middle Colic = Transverse Colon

39
Q

What structures are in the hindgut?

A
  • Last 3rd of transverse colon
  • Desc. Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Rectum
  • Upper part of anal canal
  • Also forms the epithelium of the urinary bladder and urethra
40
Q

Explain the blood supply of the hindgut:

A

Abdominal Aorta (L3) -> Inferior Mesenteric Artery ->:

  • Left Colic artery (Desc. Colon)
  • Sigmoid artery(Sigmoid Colon)
  • Superior Rectal artery(rectum)
41
Q

How do we differentiate large from small intestine?

A

The large intestine has:
- Omental Appedices. Small fatty peritoneal-like projections

  • Haustra/Saculations. Gives it the balloon animal appearance
  • Tenia Coli. Thick bands of smooth muscle that can be seen running up the middle of it
42
Q

What is the appendix?

A

A blind intestinal diverticulum with masses of lymphatic tissue
Most often behind the cecum (retocecal)

43
Q

What is macburneys point?

A

The points of maximum tenderness in appendicitis

44
Q

What is the rectum and where does it join tot he sigmoid colon?

A

The pelvic section of the gut tube

Sigmoid colon becomes rectum anterior to the S3 vertebral body

45
Q

What sphincters are found in the anal canal?

A

The external & internal sphincters

46
Q

What can be felt on a rectal exam?

A

Men - Prostate & seminal gland
Women - Cervix

Both:
 - ISchial spines/Tuberosities
- Enlarged internal iliac lymph nodes
Sacrum & Coccyx
- Collections in the rectovesical (men) & retrouterine (women) fossa.
47
Q

Is innervation of abdominal organs somatic or autonomic?

A

Entirely Autonomic

48
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the abdominal organs?

A 
Vagus Nerve (cranial X)
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (S2,S3,S4
49
Q

What is the sympathetic supply of the abdominal organs?

A

The Thoracic splanchnic nerves:

  • Greater (T5-T9)
  • Lesser (T10-T11)
  • Least (T12)
50
Q

Explain the venous drainage of the abdominal GI tract:

A

Inf. Mesenteric -> Splenic Vein

Then Splenic vein, Gastric veins & superior mesenteric vein all form into the portal vein.

The portal vein drains into the liver

The liver drains into the hepatic vein then into the IVC

51
Q

What are porto-systemic anastomoses?

A

Where the portal system communicates with the systemic venous system

52
Q

Give 4 examples of porto-systemic anastomoses?

A

Gastroesophogeal Junction:
- esophogeal veins drain into either the azygos (systemic) or left gastric (portal)

Anorectal junction:
- Rectal veins drain into the IVC (systemic) or IMV (portal)

Para-Umbilical:
- para-umbilical veins (portal) anastomose with superficial epigastric veins (systemic)

Colic:
- Twigs of colic veins (portal) anastomose with retroperitoneal veins (systemic)

53
Q

What happens if theres a portal obstruction?

A

Venous enlargements occur around the porto-systemic anastomoses.

  • Gastroesophogeal varices
  • Haemorrhoids or Piles (anorectal junction)
  • Caput Medusae (umbiiical)
54
Q

What lymphatic vessel takes the bulk of lymph from abdominal walls and structures?

A

The thoracic Duct

55
Q

What are the 3 groups of lumbar lymphatic nodes?

A

Pre-Aortic:

  • Includes celiac, sup mesenteric & inf mesenteric
  • ‘Drains the organs supplied by the anterior aortic branches

Lateral Aortic:
- Drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches

Retro Aortic
- You get the idea

56
Q

Most gut organs are drained by groups of nodes from the pre-aortic lumbar nodes. Which group drains which structures?

A

Celiac group = foregut structures

Superior Mesenteric = Midgut Structures

Inferior Mesenteric = Hindgut Structures

Yr2 Anatomy - Alimentary (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions