Anatomy Overview 2 Flashcards
Name the 4 sections of the abdomen and the two lines seperating them?
Right upper quadrant R. lower Quadrant L. Upper quadrant L. Lower Quadrant - Transumbilical line - Medial Line?
Note the 9 sections of the abdomen and what gut section they belong to
Foregut : R. Hypochondrium - Epigastrium - L. Hypochondrium
Midgut: R. Lumbar - Periumbilical - L Lumbar
Hindgut: R. Iliac Fossa - Hypogastrium - L Iliac Fossa
What are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus?
Cervical (Pharyngoesophageal)
Thoracic (Broncho-Aortic) - Where its crossed by the aortic arch & L main bronchus
Diaphragmatic - Where it passes through the oesophageal hiatus
What controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum?
Pyloric Sphincter
What is the stomach bed?
The structures on which the stomach rests:
Diaphragm - Spleen - Left Kidney - Adrenal gland - splenic artery - Pancreas - Transverse mesocolon - Colon
What is the transverse mesocolon?
A broad fold of peritoneum connecting the transverse colon to the wall.
See? Its transverse colon + Meso for mesentery
What are the major sections/landmarks of the stomach?
Cardia - Where oesophagus becomes stomach
Cardial Notch - Notch above cardia
Fundus - Superior section above cardia
Body - Bulk of stomach from cardia down to pylorus
Pyloric antrum & Pyloric canal
Pyloric sphincter
Greater & LEsser curvature
Name & explain one major developmental pathology of the stomach
Congenital pyloric stenosis (aka hypertrophic pyloric stenosis)
Thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus leads to stenosis of the sphincter
What are the important ligaments of the liver?
Falciform Ligament - between lobes
Round ligament - Found on the free edge of the falciform ligament (inferiorly) & left over from the umbilical vein
What is the bare area of the liver?
A mostly posterior area of liver uncovered by peritoneum
How do the ribs relate to the liver?
The liver lies deep to ribs 7-11 on the left side
Where is the gastric area of the lvier?
inferior surface of the left lobe
Where is the colic area of the liver?
to the right of the gall bladder fossa and in front of the renal area
Where is the renal area of the liver?
Right of gall bladder fossa
Behind colic area
Where is the duodenal impression?
medial to the renal impression, between it and the neck of the gall bladder
Where is the caudate lobe of the liver?
On the postero-superior surface of hte right lobe.
Between the IVC - ligamentum venosum.
What is the portal triad?
three structures entering the liver above the colic area medial/superior to the gall bladder
- Hepatic Artery
- Portal Vein
- Bile Duct (actually leaving)
What is the function of gall bladder/bile ducts?
To store/concentrate up to 50ml of bile from the liver then transport it to the duodenum
What is the cystic artery and where does it lie?
The artery supplying the gall bladder.
During removal it must be clamped, misclamping can lead to killing the liver.
Its found in the triangle of calot
Qhat is the triangle of calot?
A triangle containing the cystic artery of the gall bladder, its formed by:
- Common hepatic duct (drain bile from liver)
- Cystic Duct (gall bladder -> Bile duct)
- Visceral surface of the liver
What are the risk factors of biliary colic and what is it?
Biliary colic is sudden pain due to a gallstone blocking the bile duct.
Four Fs:
Fat - Female - Fertile - Forty
What is the pancreas?
An accessory digestive gland