Anatomy - Oral Board Study Guide Final 7.2021

Question 1

Anterior Chamber vs Anterior Segment and Posterior Chamber vs Posterior Segment

Answer 1

AC, PC, & AS are front of the eye and cataract surgeon related
PS is a retinal surgeon and back of the eye-related
AC is in the front space in front of the iris to the cornea
PC is behind the iris to zonules and poster capsular bar
AC & PC are in the anterior segment
PS is in the back of the eye
PS contains the vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve

Question 2

Eye Lids

Answer 2

Lids are mainly muscle and contain the Meibomian glands
Lids protect the eye from foreign matter
Lids spread tears over the surface

Question 3

Conjunctiva

Answer 3

Conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines the lids
Conjunctiva acts as a natural barrier to prevent foreign bodies from getting behind the eye

Question 4

Meibomian Glands

Answer 4

Meibomian glands are sebaceous and embedded in the upper and lower lids & produce the lipid layer of the tear film
Meibomian glands make oil for the tear film

Question 5

Goblet Cells

Answer 5

Goblet Cells secrete mucous that plays an integral role in the stability of the tear film and are located in the conjunctiva

Question 6

Cornea

Answer 6

The Cornea is a transparent structure that allows light to enter the eye, 74 Diopters, 70% of eye refractive power
Five layers of Cornea
Epithelium
Bowmans Membrane
Stroma
Descemet's
Endothelium

Question 7

Limbus

Answer 7

Limbus encircles the cornea
Limbus is transition zone from avascular cornea to vascular conjunctiva
Limbus provides nutrients and oxygen to cornea

Question 8

Iris

Answer 8

Iris is pigmented muscle tissue that separates AC/PC
Iris acts like a diaphragm to control the amount of light
***Iris is made of dilator and sphincter muscles

Question 9

Pupil

Answer 9

Pupil is central opening

Pupil allows light into the constricts based on exposure to light

Question 10

Crystalline Lens

Answer 10

Crystalline Lens is a transparent, flexible structure behind iris
C-Lens is similiar to camera that can be adjusted to bring objects into focus
It loses flexibility over time which is accomodation
20-22 Diopters, 30% Reraction (refrantive power)

Question 11

Retina, Macula, Vitreous

Answer 11

Retina is in the Posterior Chamber PC
Most light-sensitive area of the eye
Macula has highest concentration of cone cells in Retina
Photoreceptors convert light energy into electrical impulses
Photoreceptors are the cones (photopic) and rods (scotopic and circadian rhythm) more rods than cones
Vitreous is the gel in the back of the eye

Question 12

Trabecular Meshwork

Answer 12

TM is located between the cornea and ciliary body

it is responsible for the drainage of aqueous humor