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case one > anatomy of vessels and mediastinum > Flashcards

anatomy of vessels and mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

identify subdivisons of the mediastinum A - E

A

A - superior mediastinum

B - inferior mediastinum

C - anterior mediastinum

D - middle mediastinum

E - posterior mediastinum

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2
Q

what structures are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Aortic arch and branches

Superior vena cava and tributaries

Oesophagus and trachea

Phrenic and vagus nerves

Cardiac plexus and sympathetic chain

Thymus (regresses in adults)

Thoracic duct – transports lymph around body

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3
Q

what level is the superior mediastinum found at?

A

above T4/T5 level and the sternal angle (rib 2)

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4
Q

name the 3 sections the inferior mediastinum is divided into

A

anterior

middle

posterior

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5
Q

what structures are found in the anterior mediastinum?

A

thymus (regresses in adults)

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6
Q

what structures are found in the middle mediastinum?

A

ascending aorta

superior vena cava

pulmonary trunk

heart, pericardium, bronchi and trachea

phrenic and vagus nerves

cardiac plexus

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

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7
Q

what structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?

A

descending (thoracic) aorta

oesophagus

thoracic duct (lymph)

azygos, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos veins (venous system - drain into SVC)

bronchial, oesophageal, superior pherenic arteries

sympathetic trunks (nerves)

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8
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

the mass of tissue in the thorax between the lungs and pleura

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9
Q

identify the structures in the thorax

A
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10
Q

name the 3 branches of the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk - splits into right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

left common carotid artery

left subclavian artery

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11
Q

what does the subclavian artery supply?

A

upper limb on each side of the body

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12
Q

what does the common carotid artery supply?

A

structures within head and neck

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13
Q

where does the ascending aorta originate?

A

left ventricle of the heart

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14
Q

when does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta?

A

when it passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity at T12

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15
Q

what level is the start and end of the aortic arch?

A

T4/T5

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16
Q

where do the superior and inferior vena cava drain?

A

right atrium

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17
Q

where does superior vena cava drain deoxy blood FROM?

A

superior structures of body (upper limbs, head and neck)

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18
Q

where does inferior vena cava drain deoxy blood FROM?

A

inferior structures (lower limbs, abdomen and pelvis)

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19
Q

what level is the coeliac trunk?

A

T12

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20
Q

what level is the superior mesenteric artery?

A

L1

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21
Q

what level are the left and right renal arteries?

A

L1

22
Q

what level is the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

23
Q

what level does the abdominal aorta split into the left and right common iliac arteries?

A

L5

24
Q

what is the femoral artery?

A

continuation of the external iliac artery that supplies the lower limb

25
Q

identify the parts of the aorta A - D on the diagram

A

A = ascending aorta

B = aortic arch

C = thoracic aorta

D = abdominal aorta

26
Q

which veins form the superior vena cava?

A

l and r brachiocephalic veins

27
Q

what veins form the brachiocephalic veins?

A

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein on each side

28
Q

which veins form the inferior vena cava?

A

L and R iliac veins

29
Q

at what level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

30
Q

label this diagram of the aortic arch

A
31
Q

label this diagram of the thoracic aorta

A
32
Q

label this diagram of the abdominal aorta

A
33
Q

label this diagram of the abdominal aorta

A
34
Q

label this diagram of the superior vena cava

A
35
Q

label this diagram of the posterior vena cava

A
36
Q

what does the coeliac trunk supply?

A

liver and stomach

37
Q

what do the lumbar arteries supply and what level are they found?

A

each lumbar level to supply muscles

38
Q

what level are the renal arteries?

A

L1

39
Q

what do hepatic veins drain?

A

liver and contain most of the blood from the abdomen

40
Q

where does the hepatic vein drain into the IVC?

A

just before it travels through the diaphragm at T8

41
Q

where does the pulmonary trunk carry blood to and from?

A

deoxy blood from right ventricle

splits into left and right pulmonary artery to take blood to each lung

42
Q

where does the pulmonary vein take blood?

A

carries oxy blood from lungs to left atrium

there is a superior and inferior pulmonary vein on each side

43
Q

identify structures A - E, and H - I

A

A - coeliac trunk

B - inferior vena cava

C - superior mesenteric artery

D - abdominal aorta

E - inferior mesenteric artery

H - right common iliac artery

I - left common iliac vein

44
Q

identify structures labelled A - O

A

A - R subclavian artery

B - R common carotid artery

C - L common carotid artery

D - L subclavian artery

E - R subclavian vein

F - R internal jugular vein

G - R brachiocephalic vein

H - L brachiocephalic vein

I - L internal jugular vein

J - L subclavian vein

K - brachiocephalic trunk

L - SVC

M - ascending aorta

N - aortic arch

O - thoracic aorta

45
Q

what are the three layers of connective tissue in blood vessel walls?

A

tunica adventitia

tunica media

tunica intima

46
Q

identify structure A

A

aortic arch

47
Q

identify structure C

A

oesophagus

48
Q

identify structure A

A

brachiocephalic trunk

49
Q

identify structure B

A

one of the posterior intercostal arteries

50
Q

identify structure C

A

superior mesenteric artery

51
Q

what position is the thoracic duct in relation to the oesophagus?

A

posterior

52
Q
A

case one (9 decks)

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