anatomy of vessels and mediastinum Flashcards
identify subdivisons of the mediastinum A - E
A - superior mediastinum
B - inferior mediastinum
C - anterior mediastinum
D - middle mediastinum
E - posterior mediastinum
what structures are found in the superior mediastinum?
Aortic arch and branches
Superior vena cava and tributaries
Oesophagus and trachea
Phrenic and vagus nerves
Cardiac plexus and sympathetic chain
Thymus (regresses in adults)
Thoracic duct – transports lymph around body
what level is the superior mediastinum found at?
above T4/T5 level and the sternal angle (rib 2)
name the 3 sections the inferior mediastinum is divided into
anterior
middle
posterior
what structures are found in the anterior mediastinum?
thymus (regresses in adults)
what structures are found in the middle mediastinum?
ascending aorta
superior vena cava
pulmonary trunk
heart, pericardium, bronchi and trachea
phrenic and vagus nerves
cardiac plexus
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
what structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?
descending (thoracic) aorta
oesophagus
thoracic duct (lymph)
azygos, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos veins (venous system - drain into SVC)
bronchial, oesophageal, superior pherenic arteries
sympathetic trunks (nerves)
what is the mediastinum?
the mass of tissue in the thorax between the lungs and pleura
identify the structures in the thorax
name the 3 branches of the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk - splits into right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what does the subclavian artery supply?
upper limb on each side of the body
what does the common carotid artery supply?
structures within head and neck
where does the ascending aorta originate?
left ventricle of the heart
when does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta?
when it passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity at T12
what level is the start and end of the aortic arch?
T4/T5
where do the superior and inferior vena cava drain?
right atrium
where does superior vena cava drain deoxy blood FROM?
superior structures of body (upper limbs, head and neck)
where does inferior vena cava drain deoxy blood FROM?
inferior structures (lower limbs, abdomen and pelvis)
what level is the coeliac trunk?
T12
what level is the superior mesenteric artery?
L1
what level are the left and right renal arteries?
L1
what level is the inferior mesenteric artery?
L3
what level does the abdominal aorta split into the left and right common iliac arteries?
L5
what is the femoral artery?
continuation of the external iliac artery that supplies the lower limb
identify the parts of the aorta A - D on the diagram
A = ascending aorta
B = aortic arch
C = thoracic aorta
D = abdominal aorta
which veins form the superior vena cava?
l and r brachiocephalic veins
what veins form the brachiocephalic veins?
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein on each side
which veins form the inferior vena cava?
L and R iliac veins
at what level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?
T8
label this diagram of the aortic arch
label this diagram of the thoracic aorta
label this diagram of the abdominal aorta
label this diagram of the abdominal aorta
label this diagram of the superior vena cava
label this diagram of the posterior vena cava
what does the coeliac trunk supply?
liver and stomach
what do the lumbar arteries supply and what level are they found?
each lumbar level to supply muscles
what level are the renal arteries?
L1
what do hepatic veins drain?
liver and contain most of the blood from the abdomen
where does the hepatic vein drain into the IVC?
just before it travels through the diaphragm at T8
where does the pulmonary trunk carry blood to and from?
deoxy blood from right ventricle
splits into left and right pulmonary artery to take blood to each lung
where does the pulmonary vein take blood?
carries oxy blood from lungs to left atrium
there is a superior and inferior pulmonary vein on each side
identify structures A - E, and H - I
A - coeliac trunk
B - inferior vena cava
C - superior mesenteric artery
D - abdominal aorta
E - inferior mesenteric artery
H - right common iliac artery
I - left common iliac vein
identify structures labelled A - O
A - R subclavian artery
B - R common carotid artery
C - L common carotid artery
D - L subclavian artery
E - R subclavian vein
F - R internal jugular vein
G - R brachiocephalic vein
H - L brachiocephalic vein
I - L internal jugular vein
J - L subclavian vein
K - brachiocephalic trunk
L - SVC
M - ascending aorta
N - aortic arch
O - thoracic aorta
what are the three layers of connective tissue in blood vessel walls?
tunica adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima
identify structure A
aortic arch
identify structure C
oesophagus
identify structure A
brachiocephalic trunk
identify structure B
one of the posterior intercostal arteries
identify structure C
superior mesenteric artery
what position is the thoracic duct in relation to the oesophagus?
posterior
