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MSK Anatomy > Anatomy of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what different areas is the upper limb made up of

A

the shoulder/pectoral girdle, arm, forearm, hands

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2
Q

what are the joints of the pectoral girdle (2)

A

acromioclavicular joint and sternoclavicular joint

both synovial plain joints

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3
Q

what are the joints of the arm (2)

A

glenohumeral joint(synovial ball + socket) and elbow joint(synovial hinge)

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4
Q

what are the joints of the forearm (3)

A

proximal and distal radioulnar joints(synovial pilot), and radiocarpal joint(synovial ellipsoid)

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5
Q

describe what happens in pronation and what joints does it occur at

A

radius moves over the ulna

occurs at the proximal(superior) and distal(inferior) radioulnar joints

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6
Q

what is subluxation of a joint

A

partial dislocation, where the articular surfaces are displaced, but still overlap

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7
Q

what is dislocation of a joint

A

where the articular surfaces no longer overlap at all

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8
Q

what are the elbow ligaments (3)

A

the lateral(radial) collateral ligament, the medial(ulnar) collateral ligament and the annular ligament

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9
Q

describe the role of the lateral(radial) collateral ligament

A

attaches to later epicondyle of the humerus and the annular ligament

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10
Q

describe the role of the annular ligament

A

stabilises proximal radioulnar joint by holding radius against radial notch of ulna

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11
Q

what are the joints of the hands/fingers, in order from distal to proximal (4)

A

distal interpharangeal joints(DIP), proximal interpharangeal joints(PIP), metacarpopharangeal joints(MCP), first carpometacarpal joint

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12
Q

what are the muscles of the shoulder/pectoral girdle located on the back, that are involved in the upper limb (6)

A

trapezium, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major + minor, teres major

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13
Q

what are the muscles of the shoulder/pectoral girdle located on the chest area, that are involved in the upper limb (3)

A

pectoralis major + minor, serratus anterior

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14
Q

what are the muscles of the shoulder/pectoral girdle located at the shoulder + neck, that are involved in the upper limb (3)

A

levator scapulae(neck), rotator cuff muscles, deltoid

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15
Q

where are the rotator cuff muscles found and what is their role in the upper limb

A

found in the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus

important stabilisers of the joint, resist displacement of humeral head

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16
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

SITS

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17
Q

what is the only rotator cuff muscle found in the lesser tuberosity of the humerus, rather than the greater

A

subscapularis

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18
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscles hold the head of the humerus

A

the the glenoid fossa, 1/3rd of humeral head in contact with the glenoid fossa at any time

19
Q

what are the arm and forearm surrounded by and what separates them into compartments

A

surrounded by deep fascia(like a sleeve)

split into compartments by fascial septa

20
Q

what compartments are the arm and forearm split into

A 
arm = anterior and posterior
forearm = anterior, posterior and lateral
21
Q

what is the artery, vein and nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the arm

A

brachial artery
brachial vein
musculocutaneous nerve

22
Q

what is the artery, vein and nerve supplying the posterior compartment of the arm

A

profunda brachii + ulnar collateral arteries
profunda brachii vein
radial nerve

23
Q

what is the artery, vein and nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

radial + ulnar artery
venae comitantes vein
median(+ulnar) nerve

24
Q

what is the artery, vein and nerve supplying the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

interoseseous artery
venae comitantes vain
radial nerve

25
Q

what is the artery and nerve supplying the hands

A

deep and superficial palmar arches arteries

ulnar(+ median) nerve

26
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (3)

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

BBC

27
Q

what is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

flexion of arm and forearm

28
Q

what is the muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

triceps brachii

29
Q

what is the action of the muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm

A

extension of arm and forearm

30
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm (4)

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres, palmaris longus

31
Q

what is the muscle of the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

32
Q

what are the muscles of the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm (3)

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

33
Q

what are the actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

flexion of wrist + digits, adduction and abduction of wrist, and pronation of forearm

34
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm (8)

A

brachioradialis, anconeus, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digiti minimi

35
Q

what are the muscles of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm (5)

A

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis

36
Q

what are the actions of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

extension of wrists + digits, abduction and adduction of wrist, supination of forearm

37
Q

what are the muscles of the thenar eminence of the hand

A

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

38
Q

what are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence of the hand

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opppnens digiti minimi

39
Q

what nerves supply the hypothenar and thenar eminences of the hand

A 
thenar = median nerve
hypothenar = ulnar nerve
40
Q

where are the 4 lumbricals in the hand

A

attached to the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus(of anterior forearm)

41
Q

what is the action of the interossei of the hands

A

dorsal interossei = abduction of digits

palmar interossei = adduction of digits

42
Q

what is the innervation of the 4 lumbricals in the hand

A

lateral 2 = median nerve

medial 2 = ulnar nerve

43
Q

what is the innervation of the interossei of the hands

A

all the ulnar nerve

MSK Anatomy (6 decks)

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