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MSK Anatomy > Anatomy of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different regions of the lower limb(6)

A

inguinal region/groin, thigh, knee/popliteal fossa, leg, ankle, foot

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2
Q

what are the functions of the lower limbs

A

support body weight, locomotion, maintain balance

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3
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

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4
Q

what are the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris

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5
Q

describe the actions of the superficial gluteal muscles

A

extensors, abductors and medial rotators of the thigh

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6
Q

describe the actions of the deep gluteal muscles

A

lateral rotators of thigh and hip rotators

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7
Q

describe the nerve innervation of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

gluteus maximus = inferior gluteal nerve

all others = superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

describe the nerve innervation of the deep muscles if the gluteal region

A

nerves from the sacral plexus

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9
Q

how do nerves enter/exit the pelvis/peritoneum

A

via the greater(pelvis) and lesser(peritoneum) sciatic foramen

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10
Q

what are the greater and lesser sciatic foramen formed by

A

the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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11
Q

what nerves enter/exit the pelvis via the gluteal region

A

sciatic nerve(L4-S3), pudendal nerveS2-S4), posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh(S1-S3)

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12
Q

what does the sciatic nerve supply in the gluteal region

A

nothing

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13
Q

where and into what does the sciatic nerve separate

A

separates into the tibial nerve and common fibular, usually in the distal thigh

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14
Q

what is the contents of the femoral triangle

A

femoral Nerve, femoral Artery, femoral Vein, Lymphatics

NAVLy

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15
Q

what layer separates the muscle into compartments

A

the intermuscular septum

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16
Q

what 3 muscle compartments is the thigh split into

A

anterior, medial and posterior

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17
Q

what 3 muscle compartments is the leg split into

A

anterior, posterior and lateral

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18
Q

describe the action of the anterior muscle compartment of the thigh on the thigh, and name these muscles

A

flexors of thigh

= pectineus, iliopsoas, sartorius

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19
Q

describe the action of the anterior muscle compartment of the thigh on the leg, and name this msucle

A

extensors of leg

= quadricep femoris

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20
Q

describe the innervation of the anterior muscle compartment of the thigh

A

all femoral nerve(L2,L3,L4)

except psoas major(L1,L2,L3)

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21
Q

what is the action of the medial compartment muscles of the thigh

A

adductors of thigh

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22
Q

name the medial compartment muscles of the thigh

A

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus

23
Q

describe the innervation of the medial muscle compartment of the thigh

A

all obturator nerve(L2,L3,L4)

except hamstring part of adductor magnus(tibial nerve)

24
Q

describe the action of the posterior muscle compartment of the thigh

A

extensor of thigh and flexor of leg

25
Q

name the muscles of the posterior muscle compartment of the thigh

A

semitendinsus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

26
Q

describe the innervation of the posterior muscle compartment of the the thigh

A

all tibial division of the sciatic nerve(L5, S1, S2)

except short head bicep femoris(common fibular division of the sciatic nerve)

27
Q

describe the action of the anterior muscle compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexors of ankle and extensor of toes

28
Q

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

29
Q

describe the innervation of the anterior muscle compartment of the leg

A

all deep fibular nerve(L4,L5)

30
Q

describe the action of the lateral muscle compartment of the leg

A

evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle

31
Q

name the muscles of the lateral muscle compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

32
Q

describe the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

all superficial fibular nerve(L5, S1, S2)

33
Q

describe the action of the superficial posterior muscle compartment of the leg

A

plantarflexors of ankle

34
Q

name the muscles of the superficial posterior muscle compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

35
Q

describe the action of the deep posterior muscle compartment of the leg

A

flexors of toes and plantarflexors of ankle

36
Q

name the muscles of the deep posterior muscle compartment of the leg

A

popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

37
Q

describe the innervation of the deep and superficial muscles of the posterior muscle compartments of the leg

A

all the tibial nerve(S1, S2)

38
Q

describe the hip joint

A

ball and socket joint, multiaxial, synovial joint,

39
Q

what are the ligaments of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

40
Q

what ligament is to the head of the femur

A

ligamentum teres

41
Q

describe what Trendelenburgs Gait is

A

abnormal walk caused by weakness of the gluteus medius and/or minimus, where hips are slanted to side of weakness

42
Q

what forms the ligaments at joints

A

the thick part of fibrous layer of the joint capsule

43
Q

describe the arterial supply to the hip joint

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery

44
Q

describe the knee joint

A

hinge joint, mainly flexor/extensor, synovial joint

45
Q

what are the extracapsular ligaments of the knee joint

A

patellar ligament, lateral(fibular) collateral ligament, medial(tibial) collateral ligament

46
Q

what are the intra-articular ligaments of the knee joint

A

anterior cruciate(ACL) and posterior cruciate(PCL)

47
Q

describe the menisci ligaments of the knee joint

A

fibrocartilage

lateral and medial ligaments

48
Q

where is the popliteal fossa found

A

posterior to knee

49
Q

describe the contents of the popliteal fossa

A

lots of fat, terminal saphenous vein, popliteal vessels, tibial and common fibular nerves

50
Q

describe the calcaneal(achilles) tendon

A

it is the tendons of the gastrocnemius and soleus together

thickest and strongest tendon in body

51
Q

where does the calcaneal(achilles) tendon attach

A

to calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus

52
Q

describe the result of a normal ‘ankle jerk’ reflex and what it tests

A

plantarflexion

tests S1, S2 root nerves

53
Q

describe the superficial lymphatics of the lower limb

A

follow saphenous vein, drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes, then external iliac lymph nodes

54
Q

describe the deep lymphatics of the lower limb

A

follow deep veins, popliteal lymph nodes, deep inguinal lymph nodes external iliac lymph nodes

MSK Anatomy (6 decks)

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