Anatomy of trachea, pleura, lungs Flashcards
What is the extent of the trachea?
From C6-T4-T5 (carina)
How long and wide is the trachea?
It is 10-15cm (5 inches) long and 2.5cm (1 inch) wide
When does the trachea stretch and recoil?
Stretches during inspiration and recoils during expiration`
What is the trachea’s relationship with the neck anteriorly?
(TISS)
thyroid isthmus, sternohyoid/sternothyroid muscles, inferior thyroid veins
What is the trachea’s relationship with the neck laterally?
(TRIC)
common carotid arteries, thyroid lobes, recurrent laryngeal nerves (groove), inferior thyroid arteries
What is the trachea’s relationship with the neck posteriorly?
esophagus
What is the trachea’s relationship with the thorax anteriorly?
manubrium sterni, thymus remnant, left brachiocephalic vein, brachiocephalic trunk, arch of aorta, left common carotid artery, cardiac plexus
What is the trachea’s relationship with the thorax right laterally?
(PRB)
pleura, right vagus, brachiocephalic trunk,
What is the trachea’s relationship with the thorax left laterally?
(SALL)
left recurrent laryngeal nerve, arch of aorta, left common carotid, subclavian arteries
What is another name for the trachea?
Windpipe
What does the trachea first branch into?
the primary/main left and right bronchi
What surrounds the trachea?
Fibrocartilaginous horse shoe/ U shaped rings
What do the primary bronchi branch into?
Left: 2 lobar/ secondary bronchus
Right: 3 lobar/ secondary bronchus
What connects the cartilages around the trachea?
Annular ligaments
List the differences between the right and left main/primary bronchus
Right: wider, shorter (2.5 cm), more straight with the trachea (so foreign objects more easily goes down it-lower lobe due to gravity), has 3 lobar branches
Left: narrower, longer (5cm), has a curve (makes it difficult if foreign objects were to go down it), has 2 lobar branches
How many bronchopulmonary segments are the left and right sides?
Left: 8-10
Right: 10
Where does the trachea start?
At larynx and ends at bifurcation
What’s the elevation called at the bifurcation and what is its purpose?
Carina of Trachea and it separates the openings of the right and left main bronchus
When a foreign body object enters the lungs, where is the most common place it would enter?
Into the right main bronchus
What happens to cartilage going down the airway and why? What is this known as?
It reduces because air and O2 cannot pass through the cartilage and gas exchange needs to be done
Known as the Conducting airway
Where does the conducting airway happen?
Conducting bronchiole
What happens once O2 starts being lost at terminal bronchioles?
The system switches from conducting bronchiole to the respiratory bronchiole
If bronchioles have no cartilage, what surrounds them?
Smooth muscles
How many alveolar ducts does each resp. bronchiole give off?
2-11
How many Alveolar sacs does each alveolar duct give off?
3-6
How many alveoli can be found in the adult lungs?
about 300-700 million
Explain the blood air barrier
The air from the alveolar sac must first move through the alveolar membrane then through the membrane of capillaries before they can get into the lumen of the pulmonary arteries
-The barrier is permeable to molecular O2 and CO2 which allows for cellular resp. to occur
What forms the alveoli-capillary membrane?
Formed by type pneumocytes of the alveoli and endothelial cells of the capillaries
What arteries supply the trachea?
Inferior thyroid artery and Bronchial artery
What veins supply the trachea?
Inferior thyroid veins and bronchial veins
Which nerves innervate the trachea?
Vagus, sympathetics (T1-T4), Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Which artery supplies the tracheobronchial tree?
Bronchial artery
Which veins supply the tracheobronchial tree?
Mainly the bronchial vein (drains proximal part of root of lung/larger bronchi) and also the pulmonary vein (drains distal part of root of lung/smaller bronchi)
