Anatomy of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx and larynx

Question 1

What 2 things does the nose consist of?

Answer 1

external nose and nasal cavity

Question 2

Name the parts of the external nose

Answer 2

root, dorsal, nostrils/nares, nasal septum

Question 3

List the functions of the nose

Answer 3

breathing, olfaction, air conditioning chamber (humidity and temp), protection from foreign bodies, elimination from secretions from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct

Question 4

What separates the two nasal cavities?

Answer 4

septal nasal cartilage

Question 5

Name the bony parts of the external nose

Answer 5

maxilla, nasal bones, frontal processes, nasal part of frontal bone

Question 6

Name the cartilaginous parts of the external nose

Answer 6

anterior border of septal cartilage, upper and lower lateral nasal cartilage, few minor alar cartilages

Question 7

What is the blood supply of the external nose?

Answer 7

Anterior ethmoidal artery (ophthalmic), infra-orbital branch artery (maxillary), lateral nasal branches and superior labial artery (facial)

Question 8

Sensory supply of external nose

Answer 8

External nasal & infra-trochlear branches of anterior ethmoidal nerve
Nasal branches infra-orbital nerve

Question 9

Name the 3 conchae

Answer 9

Superior, middle and inferior

Question 10

What are the spaces below the conchae called?

Answer 10

superior, middle, inferior meatus

Question 11

What drains into the superior meatus?

Answer 11

Posterior ethmoidal sinus and sphenoethmoidal sinus

Question 12

What is the swell like structure in the middle meatus called?

Answer 12

Bulla ethmoidalis

Question 13

What is the half crescent shaped structure in the middle meatus called?

Answer 13

Hiatus semilunaris

Question 14

What drains into the bulla ethmoidalis?

Answer 14

Middle ethmoidal sinus

Question 15

What drains into the Hiatus semilunaris?

Answer 15

Anterior ethmoidal sinus, Frontal sinus, Maxillary sinus

Question 16

Why does the maxillary sinus tend to be infected?

Answer 16

Due to the position of the draining hole, it is too far up and too small so the drainage is poor. There also tends to be back flow into the sinus due to the small hole

Question 17

What is the largest sinus?

Answer 17

Maxillary

Question 18

Which sinus cannot be seen on a frontal scan?

Answer 18

Sphenoethmoidal sinus- only on lateral scan

Question 19

What is found in the inferior meatus?

Answer 19

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 20

What is the best way to control a nose bleed?

Answer 20

Pinch soft part of nose and lean forward

Question 21

If the anterior nose bleeds what could be damaged and what can cause the bleed?

Answer 21

One of the vessels in the Little’s area is damaged and can be caused by nose picking

Question 22

What is the most dangerous nose bleed and what artery is most likely damaged?

Answer 22

Posterior nose bleed and sphenopalatine artery

Question 23

Which is the largest conchae?

Answer 23

Inferior

Question 24

If CSF is coming out of the nose, what is likely damaged?

Answer 24

The cribriform of ethmoid

Question 25

What are the three parts of the roof of the nose?

Answer 25

Nasal cartilage, nasal bone, and frontal bone

Question 26

Names the parts of the nasal septum (found on medial wall)

Answer 26

Vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, quadrangular cartilage

Question 27

What is the depression called that lies above the superior conchae?

Answer 27

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 28

Name the arterial supply of the nasal cavity and what branches they are from

Answer 28

Anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries: Ophthalmic artery
Greater palatine & Spheno-palatine arteries: Maxillary artery
Septal branch of superior labial artery: Facial artery

Question 29

Where is the Kiesselbach plexus found?

Answer 29

On the antero-inferior quadrant of the nasal septum

Question 30

What is the function of the Kiesselbach plexus?

Answer 30

To adjust the temperature of the air inhaled through the nose, via heat exchange between the air and the arteries. The air must be heated in order for effective gas exchange once the air reaches the lungs

Question 31

What is eistaxis?

Answer 31

Nose bleed

Question 32

What is the clinical correlate associated with the nasal septum?

Answer 32

It can be deviated to one side, either by trauma or birth defect
This deviation can obstruct breathing and enhance snoring
Can be corrected by surgery