Anatomy of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx and larynx Flashcards
What 2 things does the nose consist of?
external nose and nasal cavity
Name the parts of the external nose
root, dorsal, nostrils/nares, nasal septum
List the functions of the nose
breathing, olfaction, air conditioning chamber (humidity and temp), protection from foreign bodies, elimination from secretions from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
What separates the two nasal cavities?
septal nasal cartilage
Name the bony parts of the external nose
maxilla, nasal bones, frontal processes, nasal part of frontal bone
Name the cartilaginous parts of the external nose
anterior border of septal cartilage, upper and lower lateral nasal cartilage, few minor alar cartilages
What is the blood supply of the external nose?
Anterior ethmoidal artery (ophthalmic), infra-orbital branch artery (maxillary), lateral nasal branches and superior labial artery (facial)
Sensory supply of external nose
External nasal & infra-trochlear branches of anterior ethmoidal nerve
Nasal branches infra-orbital nerve
Name the 3 conchae
Superior, middle and inferior
What are the spaces below the conchae called?
superior, middle, inferior meatus
What drains into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal sinus and sphenoethmoidal sinus
What is the swell like structure in the middle meatus called?
Bulla ethmoidalis
What is the half crescent shaped structure in the middle meatus called?
Hiatus semilunaris
What drains into the bulla ethmoidalis?
Middle ethmoidal sinus
What drains into the Hiatus semilunaris?
Anterior ethmoidal sinus, Frontal sinus, Maxillary sinus
Why does the maxillary sinus tend to be infected?
Due to the position of the draining hole, it is too far up and too small so the drainage is poor. There also tends to be back flow into the sinus due to the small hole
What is the largest sinus?
Maxillary
Which sinus cannot be seen on a frontal scan?
Sphenoethmoidal sinus- only on lateral scan
What is found in the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
What is the best way to control a nose bleed?
Pinch soft part of nose and lean forward
If the anterior nose bleeds what could be damaged and what can cause the bleed?
One of the vessels in the Little’s area is damaged and can be caused by nose picking
What is the most dangerous nose bleed and what artery is most likely damaged?
Posterior nose bleed and sphenopalatine artery
Which is the largest conchae?
Inferior
If CSF is coming out of the nose, what is likely damaged?
The cribriform of ethmoid
What are the three parts of the roof of the nose?
Nasal cartilage, nasal bone, and frontal bone
Names the parts of the nasal septum (found on medial wall)
Vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, quadrangular cartilage
What is the depression called that lies above the superior conchae?
spheno-ethmoidal recess
Name the arterial supply of the nasal cavity and what branches they are from
Anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries: Ophthalmic artery
Greater palatine & Spheno-palatine arteries: Maxillary artery
Septal branch of superior labial artery: Facial artery
Where is the Kiesselbach plexus found?
On the antero-inferior quadrant of the nasal septum
What is the function of the Kiesselbach plexus?
To adjust the temperature of the air inhaled through the nose, via heat exchange between the air and the arteries. The air must be heated in order for effective gas exchange once the air reaches the lungs
What is eistaxis?
Nose bleed
What is the clinical correlate associated with the nasal septum?
It can be deviated to one side, either by trauma or birth defect
This deviation can obstruct breathing and enhance snoring
Can be corrected by surgery
