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Urology > Anatomy of the Urinary System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

What is the funciton of the kidney?

A

To filter blood and produce urine

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3
Q

What is the function of the ureters?

A

To carry urine from the kidneys to bladder

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4
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

Store urine

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5
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Carry urine from the bladder to external environment

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6
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A 
To remove metabolic waste 
To regulate BP 
To regulate plasma conc. of electrolytes
To stabilised pH
To conserve valuable nutrients
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7
Q

What is the peritonisation of the kidneys?

A

Retroperitoneal

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8
Q

At which vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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9
Q

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?

A

Due to the presence of the liver

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10
Q

Can you palpate the kidneys?

A

Not often

Only in a really skinny patient

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11
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised anteriorly?

A

Partially

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12
Q

When are the kidneys peritonised anteriorly?

A

When they are overlapping with an intraperitoneal organ

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13
Q

What are the fat layer surrounding the kidneys?

A

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat

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14
Q

What is the function of so much fat around the kidneys?

A

Protection - there are not bones to protect the kidneys

To hold them in place

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15
Q

what is the arrangement of the renal hilum anterior to posterior?

A

Renal Vein
Renal artery
Renal pelvis
VAP

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16
Q

Where does the renal vein drain into?

A

IVC

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17
Q

Where does the renal artery branch off from?

A

Abdominal aorta

18
Q

Describe the branching of the renal arteries?

A

Renal artery (1 each side) branch off abdominal aorta
Segmental branches x 5
Interlobar
Arcurate branched which pass round the circumference
Interlobular branches which ulitmately supply each nephron

19
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

A

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

20
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?

A

T10-L1

21
Q

What is the sensory afferent nerve supply to the kidneys?

A

T11-L2

22
Q

What is the bottom triangle area of the bladder called?

A

Trigone of the bladder

23
Q

What is the arterial supply to the bladder?

A

Branches of the internal iliac arteries

24
Q

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

A

Tributaries of the internal iliac veins

25
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

A

T10-L2

26
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?

A

S2-S4

27
Q

Which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?

A

Parasympathetic nerve

28
Q

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic nerve

29
Q

What is the narrowest part of the urethra in males?

A

Membranous

30
Q

Which vertebral level does the transpyloric plane pass through?

A

L1

31
Q

Who has a short urethra M or F?

A

F

32
Q

Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

33
Q

Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Voluntary

34
Q

What is the most dilated part of the urethra in males?

A

Prostatic part

35
Q

What is the longest part of the urethra in males?

A

Spongy part

36
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

37
Q

What shaped lumen does the ureter have?

A

Star shaped

38
Q

What are the layers of muscle in the ureter?

A

Inner longitudinal SM

Outer circular SM

39
Q

What are the layers of muscle in the bladder?

A

Inner longitudinal SM
Middle circular SM
Outer longitudinal SM

40
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the ureters?

A

Transitional epithelium

Urology (13 decks)

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