Anatomy of the Urinary System Flashcards
What are the main components of the urinary system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
What is the funciton of the kidney?
To filter blood and produce urine
What is the function of the ureters?
To carry urine from the kidneys to bladder
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Store urine
What is the function of the urethra?
Carry urine from the bladder to external environment
What are the functions of the urinary system?
To remove metabolic waste To regulate BP To regulate plasma conc. of electrolytes To stabilised pH To conserve valuable nutrients
What is the peritonisation of the kidneys?
Retroperitoneal
At which vertebral levels do the kidneys lie?
T12-L3
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney?
Due to the presence of the liver
Can you palpate the kidneys?
Not often
Only in a really skinny patient
How are the kidneys peritonised anteriorly?
Partially
When are the kidneys peritonised anteriorly?
When they are overlapping with an intraperitoneal organ
What are the fat layer surrounding the kidneys?
Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat
What is the function of so much fat around the kidneys?
Protection - there are not bones to protect the kidneys
To hold them in place
what is the arrangement of the renal hilum anterior to posterior?
Renal Vein
Renal artery
Renal pelvis
VAP
Where does the renal vein drain into?
IVC
Where does the renal artery branch off from?
Abdominal aorta
Describe the branching of the renal arteries?
Renal artery (1 each side) branch off abdominal aorta
Segmental branches x 5
Interlobar
Arcurate branched which pass round the circumference
Interlobular branches which ulitmately supply each nephron
What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?
Lateral aortic lymph nodes
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the kidneys?
T10-L1
What is the sensory afferent nerve supply to the kidneys?
T11-L2
What is the bottom triangle area of the bladder called?
Trigone of the bladder
What is the arterial supply to the bladder?
Branches of the internal iliac arteries
What is the venous drainage of the bladder?
Tributaries of the internal iliac veins
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?
T10-L2
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder?
S2-S4
Which nerve constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?
Parasympathetic nerve
Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?
Sympathetic nerve
What is the narrowest part of the urethra in males?
Membranous
Which vertebral level does the transpyloric plane pass through?
L1
Who has a short urethra M or F?
F
Is the internal urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
Involuntary
Is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
Voluntary
What is the most dilated part of the urethra in males?
Prostatic part
What is the longest part of the urethra in males?
Spongy part
What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What shaped lumen does the ureter have?
Star shaped
What are the layers of muscle in the ureter?
Inner longitudinal SM
Outer circular SM
What are the layers of muscle in the bladder?
Inner longitudinal SM
Middle circular SM
Outer longitudinal SM
What type of epithelium is found in the ureters?
Transitional epithelium
