Anatomy Of The Upper Respiraatory System Flashcards
Why do we have a nose?
Adjust temperature and humidity of inspired air
Trap and remove particles
Olfaction
Where does the nasal cavity extend from/to?
From anterior apertures (nares,nostrils) to posterior apertures (choanae)
What is the nasal cavity separated from the oral cavity below by?
Hard palate
What is thee nasal cavity separated from the cranial cavity above by?
Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones
What is the nasal cavity divided in the midline by?
Nasal septum
What are the 3 regions the nasal cavity is divided into?
Olfactory
Respiratory
Nasal vestibule
What is the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?
Small area at the apex of the nasal cavity
What is the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?
Largest part of the nasal cavity
Has a rich neurovascular blood supply
Lined by respiratory epithelium composed mainly of ciliated and mucosal cells?
What is the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity lined by?
Ciliates and mucous cells
Where is the nasal vestibule?
Just internal to the naris
What is the nasal vestibule lined by?
Skin and covered in short hair follicles
What are the curved shelves of bone projecting off the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?
Conchae
What is the purpose of the conchae dividing each cavity into 4 air channels?
Increases contact surface area with inspired air
Which concha are projecting off the ethmoid bone?
Superior and middle concha
Which concha is an independent bone?
Inferior concha
What are meatuses?
Spaces below each concha
Where is the superior nasal meatus?
Between superior and middle concha
Where is the middle nasal meatus?
Between middle and inferior concha
Where is the inferior nasal meatus?
Between inferior concha and nasal floor
What is the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess?
Small area above the superior concha
How many paranasal sinuses do we have?
4
What are paranasal sinuses lined by?
Respiratory mucosa (ciliated and mucus secreting)
What do paranasal sinuses do?
Open into nasal cavities to allow drainage of mucus
Lightening to the skull
Resonance
Absorbing shock
What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
Frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and maxillary
How do paranasal sinuses drain?
Mucus produced by mucous membrane moved by ciliary action and by siphon action created during blowing of your nose
What is kiesselbachs area?
Area where arteries anastomose on septum
Common Steve of epitaxis
What is the blood supply to the nose?
Superior nose - anterior and posterior ethmoidal (branches of ophthalmic)
Middle posterior - sphenopalatine (septal branches)
Lateral nasal branches from facial
What is cranial nerve 1?
Olfactory
What nerve is in the upper part of the nasal cavity?
Olfactory nerve
What are the layers of the olfactory bulb?
Nerve fibres of olfactory tract
Mitral cell layer
Synaptic glomeruli
Olfactory nerve fibres
What is anosmia?
No sense of smell
What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?
Naso,oro and laryngopharynx
Where is the pharynx located?
Posterior, leads into oesophagus
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor
What runs down the middle of the muscles of the pharynx?
Pharyngeal raphe
Where is the pharyngeal opening of thee pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube?
Nasopharynx
What does the Eustachian tube?
Maintain normal pressure in the middle ear
What are tonsils?
Collections of lymphoid tissue in mucosa of pharynx
Surround openings of the nasal and oral cavities
Part of the bodies defence system
What are the pairs of tonsils we have?
Pharyngeal
Palatine
Lingual
What is the larynx?
Musculoligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework that caps the lower respirator tract
What is the larynx continuous below with?
The trachea
What does the pharynx open into?
Pharynx posterior
Inferior to tongue
What does the larynx function as?
A valve to close the lower respiratory tract and an instrument to produce sound
What are the 3 large unpaired cartilages in the larynx?
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
What are the 3 smaller cartilages of the larynx?
Cuneiform
Corniculate
Arytenoid
What is the larynx suspended by?
Hyoid bone and is highly mobile
What is the cricothyroid cartilage?
Internal ligament of the larynx
Where is the upper margin of cricothyroid cartilage?
Upper margin is free between thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage
Where is the vocal ligament?
Lies under the true vocal cord
Thickens in midline to form medium cricothyroid ligament
What is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch of?
Vagus nerve
What are the cricothyroid muscles innervated by?
Superior laryngeal nerve
What are other intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
What are the 2 branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?
Internal (sensory) and external (motor)
What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply?
Sensory fibres to the laryngeal mucosa
What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?
Cricothyroid muscle
Where does the superior laryngeal nerve descend?
By the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery and divides into 2 branches - external and internal
What is the function of the external laryngeal nerve?
Functions to tense the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch
What level is the larynx found at?
C3-C6
What is the blood supply to the larynx?
Superior and inferior laryngeal
Superior and inferior thyroid
External carotid
Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?
Underneath the right subclavian artery, then ascends towards the larynx
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?
Under the arch of the aorta
