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Respiratory System > Anatomy Of The Upper Respiraatory System > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Upper Respiraatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we have a nose?

A

Adjust temperature and humidity of inspired air
Trap and remove particles
Olfaction

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2
Q

Where does the nasal cavity extend from/to?

A

From anterior apertures (nares,nostrils) to posterior apertures (choanae)

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3
Q

What is the nasal cavity separated from the oral cavity below by?

A

Hard palate

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4
Q

What is thee nasal cavity separated from the cranial cavity above by?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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5
Q

What is the nasal cavity divided in the midline by?

A

Nasal septum

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6
Q

What are the 3 regions the nasal cavity is divided into?

A

Olfactory
Respiratory
Nasal vestibule

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7
Q

What is the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

A

Small area at the apex of the nasal cavity

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8
Q

What is the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

A

Largest part of the nasal cavity
Has a rich neurovascular blood supply
Lined by respiratory epithelium composed mainly of ciliated and mucosal cells?

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9
Q

What is the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity lined by?

A

Ciliates and mucous cells

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10
Q

Where is the nasal vestibule?

A

Just internal to the naris

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11
Q

What is the nasal vestibule lined by?

A

Skin and covered in short hair follicles

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12
Q

What are the curved shelves of bone projecting off the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?

A

Conchae

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the conchae dividing each cavity into 4 air channels?

A

Increases contact surface area with inspired air

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14
Q

Which concha are projecting off the ethmoid bone?

A

Superior and middle concha

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15
Q

Which concha is an independent bone?

A

Inferior concha

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16
Q

What are meatuses?

A

Spaces below each concha

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17
Q

Where is the superior nasal meatus?

A

Between superior and middle concha

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18
Q

Where is the middle nasal meatus?

A

Between middle and inferior concha

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19
Q

Where is the inferior nasal meatus?

A

Between inferior concha and nasal floor

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20
Q

What is the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess?

A

Small area above the superior concha

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21
Q

How many paranasal sinuses do we have?

A

4

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22
Q

What are paranasal sinuses lined by?

A

Respiratory mucosa (ciliated and mucus secreting)

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23
Q

What do paranasal sinuses do?

A

Open into nasal cavities to allow drainage of mucus
Lightening to the skull
Resonance
Absorbing shock

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24
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and maxillary

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25
Q

How do paranasal sinuses drain?

A

Mucus produced by mucous membrane moved by ciliary action and by siphon action created during blowing of your nose

26
Q

What is kiesselbachs area?

A

Area where arteries anastomose on septum

Common Steve of epitaxis

27
Q

What is the blood supply to the nose?

A

Superior nose - anterior and posterior ethmoidal (branches of ophthalmic)
Middle posterior - sphenopalatine (septal branches)
Lateral nasal branches from facial

28
Q

What is cranial nerve 1?

A

Olfactory

29
Q

What nerve is in the upper part of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory nerve

30
Q

What are the layers of the olfactory bulb?

A

Nerve fibres of olfactory tract
Mitral cell layer
Synaptic glomeruli
Olfactory nerve fibres

31
Q

What is anosmia?

A

No sense of smell

32
Q

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

A

Naso,oro and laryngopharynx

33
Q

Where is the pharynx located?

A

Posterior, leads into oesophagus

34
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

35
Q

What runs down the middle of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

36
Q

Where is the pharyngeal opening of thee pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube?

A

Nasopharynx

37
Q

What does the Eustachian tube?

A

Maintain normal pressure in the middle ear

38
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Collections of lymphoid tissue in mucosa of pharynx
Surround openings of the nasal and oral cavities
Part of the bodies defence system

39
Q

What are the pairs of tonsils we have?

A

Pharyngeal
Palatine
Lingual

40
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Musculoligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework that caps the lower respirator tract

41
Q

What is the larynx continuous below with?

A

The trachea

42
Q

What does the pharynx open into?

A

Pharynx posterior

Inferior to tongue

43
Q

What does the larynx function as?

A

A valve to close the lower respiratory tract and an instrument to produce sound

44
Q

What are the 3 large unpaired cartilages in the larynx?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

45
Q

What are the 3 smaller cartilages of the larynx?

A

Cuneiform
Corniculate
Arytenoid

46
Q

What is the larynx suspended by?

A

Hyoid bone and is highly mobile

47
Q

What is the cricothyroid cartilage?

A

Internal ligament of the larynx

48
Q

Where is the upper margin of cricothyroid cartilage?

A

Upper margin is free between thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage

49
Q

Where is the vocal ligament?

A

Lies under the true vocal cord

Thickens in midline to form medium cricothyroid ligament

50
Q

What is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch of?

A

Vagus nerve

51
Q

What are the cricothyroid muscles innervated by?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

52
Q

What are other intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

53
Q

What are the 2 branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Internal (sensory) and external (motor)

54
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Sensory fibres to the laryngeal mucosa

55
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

56
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal nerve descend?

A

By the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery and divides into 2 branches - external and internal

57
Q

What is the function of the external laryngeal nerve?

A

Functions to tense the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch

58
Q

What level is the larynx found at?

A

C3-C6

59
Q

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal
Superior and inferior thyroid
External carotid
Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian

60
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?

A

Underneath the right subclavian artery, then ascends towards the larynx

61
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?

A

Under the arch of the aorta

Respiratory System (4 decks)

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