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2A - Musculoskeletal > Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

Set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side

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2
Q

How does neurovascular supply enter the upper limbs?

A

Neurovascular supply enters into upper limb below scapula and through axilla:

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3
Q

What are the main nerves of the upper extremities?

A
  • Axillary
    • Shoulder
  • Musculocutaneous
    • Flexor compartment of arm
  • Radial
    • Almost all extensors muscles in posterior arm and forearm
  • Ulnar nerve
    • Few medial muscles in forearm and most small muscles in hand
  • Median nerve
    • Most of flexor compartment of forearm and few muscles in hand related to thumb
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4
Q

What are of the body does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Shoulder

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5
Q

What area of the body does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Flexor compartment of arm

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6
Q

What area of the body does the radial nerve supply?

A
  • Almost all extensors muscles in posterior arm and forearm
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7
Q

What area of the body does the ulnar nerve supply?

A
  • Few medial muscles in forearm and most small muscles in hand
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8
Q

What area of the body does the median nerve supply?

A
  • Most of flexor compartment of forearm and few muscles in hand related to thumb
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9
Q

Above, and below, the elbow is refered to as what?

A

Above - arm

Below - forearm

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10
Q

What are examples of dorsal muscles of the shoulder?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

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11
Q

What are examples of ventral muscles of the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

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12
Q

What movements are done by the trapezius?

A
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
  • Depression
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13
Q

What movement is done by the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation

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14
Q

What movements are done by the rhomboids?

A
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
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15
Q

Does the latissmus dorsi attach to the shoulder?

A

No, attaches to the humerus

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16
Q

What is A?

A

Trapezius

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17
Q

What is B?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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18
Q

What is C?

A

Rhomboids

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19
Q

What is D?

A

Levator scapulae

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20
Q

What movement is done by the serratus anterior?

A

Protraction

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21
Q

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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22
Q

What is a common sign of injury to the long thoracic nerve?

A

Winged scapula

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23
Q

What is A?

A

Pectoralis major

24
Q

What is B?

A

Serratus anterior

25
Q

What are the different parts of the deltoid?

A
  • Anterior part
    • Flexion
  • Lateral part
    • Abduction
  • Posterior part
    • Extension
26
Q

What movements are done by the anterior part of deltoid?

A
  • Flexion
27
Q

What movements are done by the lateral part of the deltoid?

A

Abduction

28
Q

What movements are done by the posterior part of deltoid?

A
  • Extension
29
Q

What nerve supplies the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

30
Q

How is the axillary nerve often damaged?

A

Shoulder dislocation

31
Q

What muscles form the posterior group of the rotary cuff muscles?

A
  • Supraspinatus
    • Assist abduction
  • Infraspinatus
    • Lateral rotation
  • Teres minor
    • Lateral rotation
  • Teres major
    • Medial rotation
    • Does not stabilises shoulder joint as attaches to anterior humerus without crossing joint
32
Q

What movement is done by the supraspinatus?

A

Assists abduction

33
Q

What movement is done by the infraspinatus?

A

Lateral rotation

34
Q

What movement is done by the tere minor?

A

Lateral rotation

35
Q

What movement is done by the teres major?

A

Medial rotation

36
Q

What is the main function of rotary cuff muscles?

A

Stabalise joint

37
Q

What is the only muscles of posterior group of rotary cuff muscles not to stabilise joint?

A

Tere major because attaches to anterior humerus without crossing shoulder joint

38
Q

What is A?

A

Supraspinatus

39
Q

What is B?

A

Infraspinatus

40
Q

What is C?

A

Teres minor

41
Q

What is D?

A

Teres major

42
Q

What muscle is in the anterior group of rotary cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis

43
Q

What movement is done by the subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation

44
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the elbow?

A
  • Triceps brachii
    • Attaches to olecranon process of the ulna bone
    • 3 heads (hence triceps)
      • Lateral head
      • Long head
      • Medial head
    • Extends arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and extends arm at elbow joint
45
Q

Where does the tricep brachii attach to?

A
  • Attaches to olecranon process of the ulna bone
46
Q

What are the different heads of the tricep brachii?

A
  • Lateral head
  • Long head
  • Medial head
47
Q

What movements are done by the tricep brachii?

A
  • Extends arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and extends arm at elbow joint
48
Q

What nerve supplies the tricep brachii?

A

Radial nerve travels on surface of posterior humerus deep to muscle, supplying tricep

49
Q

What often damages the radial nerve?

A

Humeral fracture

50
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the elbow?

A
  • Bicep brachii
    • 2 heads
      • Long head
      • Short head
    • Crosses 2 joints like triceps, meaning flexes both joints – glenohumeral and elbow
    • Also does supernation
      • Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
    • Attaches to radias
  • Brachialis
    • Attaches to ulna
    • Flexion of elbow
  • Brachioradialis
    • Strong flexor in mid-position
51
Q

What are the heads of the bicep brachii?

A
  • 2 heads
    • Long head
    • Short head
52
Q

What movements are done by bicep brachii?

A
  • Crosses 2 joints like triceps, meaning flexes both joints – glenohumeral and elbow
  • Also does supernation
    • Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
53
Q

What are agonists to the bicep brachiis action of supernation?

A
  • Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
54
Q

What bone does the bicep brachii attach to?

A
  • Attaches to radias
55
Q

What bone does the brachialis attach to?

A

Ulna

56
Q

What movement is done by the brachialis?

A

Flexion of elbow

57
Q

What movement is done by brachioradialis?

A
  • Strong flexor in mid-position

2A - Musculoskeletal (41 decks)

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