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2A - Musculoskeletal > Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Hand and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Most flexors of the forearm attach to where?

A

Medial epicondyle

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2
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the forearm?

A
  • Brachioradialis (orange)
    • Elbow flexion
    • Medial nerve
  • Pronator teres (blue)
    • Elbow flexion
    • Medial nerve
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris (orange – medial)
    • Wrist flexion
    • Wrist adduction
    • Ulnar nerve
  • Flexor carpi radialis (yellow)
    • Wrist flexion
    • Wrist abduction
    • Supplied by radial nerve, which is unusual as most flexors by median nerve
  • Palmaris longus (green)
    • Not everyone has, and not always in both arms
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3
Q

What movement is produced by the brachioradialis?

A

Elbow flexion

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the brachioradialis?

A

Median nerve

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5
Q

What movement is produced by the pronator teres?

A

Elbow flexion

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6
Q

What nerve supplies the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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7
Q

What movements are produced by flexor carpe ulnaris?

A

Wrist flexion

Wrist adduction

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8
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor carpe ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

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9
Q

What movements are produced by the flexor carpi radialis?

A
  • Wrist flexion
  • Wrist abduction
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10
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor carpi radialis?

A
  • Supplied by radial nerve, which is unusual as most flexors by median nerve
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11
Q

What is an anterior muscle of the forearm that not everyone has?

A
  • Pulmaris longus (green)
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12
Q

How does using muscles of the anterior forearm together differ from using them seperately?

A

Using muscles together produces flexion of wrist, but individually is adduction/abduction

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13
Q

Where do the posterior muscles of the forearm attach to?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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14
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the forearm?

A
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (pink)
    • Extension of wrist
    • Adduction of wrist
    • Radial nerve
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus (blue)
    • Extension of wrist
    • Abduction of wrist
    • Radial nerve
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis (yellow)
    • Extension of wrist
    • Abduction of wrist
    • Radial nerve
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15
Q

What movements are produced by extensor carpi ulnaris?

A
  • Extension of wrist
  • Adduction of wrist
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16
Q

What movements are produced by extensor carpi radialis longus?

A
  • Extension of wrist
  • Abduction of wrist
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17
Q

What movements are produced by extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A
  • Extension of wrist
  • Abduction of wrist
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18
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Radial nerve

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19
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis?

A

Radial nerve

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20
Q

What nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Radial nerve

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21
Q

What muscles are found deep to the superficial flexors of the forearm?

A
  • One intermediate flexor
    • Still attaches to medial epicondyle
    • Flexor digitorum superficialis
      • Fingers have 3 phalanges, it attaches after the second
      • Assists in flexion of every joint it crosses
      • Flexion of: elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints
      • Supplied by median nerve
  • Then two deep flexors
    • Does not attach to medial epicondyle (so not elbow flexors like the rest – only cross wrist joint)
    • Flexor digitortum profundus
      • Does not do flexion at elbow as doesn’t cross it, but cross last phalangeal joint of fingers
      • So, flexion of: wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal metaphalangeal joints
      • Medial side supplied by median nerve, lateral side by radial nerve
    • Flexor pollicis longus
      • Flexion of thumb (interphalangeal joint of the thumb)
      • Supplied by median nerve
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22
Q

What does the digitorum superficialis attach to?

A
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Fingers have 3 phalanges, it attaches after the second
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23
Q

What movements are produced by the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • Assists in flexion of every joint it crosses
  • Flexion of: elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints
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24
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

25
Q

Do the deep flexors attach to the medial epicondyle like other flexors of the forearm?

A
  • Then two deep flexors
    • Does not attach to medial epicondyle (so not elbow flexors like the rest – only cross wrist joint)
    • Flexor digitortum profundus
      • Does not do flexion at elbow as doesn’t cross it, but cross last phalangeal joint of fingers
      • So, flexion of: wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal metaphalangeal joints
      • Medial side supplied by median nerve, lateral side by radial nerve
    • Flexor pollicis longus
      • Flexion of thumb (interphalangeal joint of the thumb)
      • Supplied by median nerve
26
Q

What movement is produced by the flexor digitorum profundus?

A
  • Does not do flexion at elbow as doesn’t cross it, but cross last phalangeal joint of fingers
  • So, flexion of: wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, and distal metaphalangeal joints
27
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor digitorum profundus?

A
  • Medial side supplied by median nerve, lateral side by radial nerve
28
Q

What movement is produced by the flexor pollicis longus?

A
  • Flexion of thumb (interphalangeal joint of the thumb)
29
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Median nerve

30
Q

What muscles are found deep to superficial extensors?

A
  • Two intermediate extensors
    • Still attaches to lateral epicondyle
    • Extensor digitorum
    • Extensor digiti minimi
    • Not as specific as flexors in terms of which phalanges they cross
  • Deep extensors and abductors
    • Anconeus (red)
      • Extension of elbow
    • Supinator (yellow)
    • Extensor pollicis brevis (orange)
      • Extension of thumb
    • Extensor pollicis longus (blue)
      • Extension of thumb
    • Abductor pollicis longus (blue)
      • Abduction of thumb
    • Extensor indicis
      • Extension of forefinger
31
Q

What do the two intermediate extensors (extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi) attach to?

A

Lateral epicondyle

32
Q

What is the orange flexor?

A

Brachioradialis

33
Q

What is the blue flexor?

A

Pronator teres

34
Q

What is the orange flexor which is more medial?

A

Flexor carpe ulnaris

35
Q

What is the yellow flexor?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

36
Q

What is the green flexor?

A

Pulmaris longus

37
Q

What is the pink extensor?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

38
Q

What is the blue extensor?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus

39
Q

What is the yellow extensor?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

40
Q

What is red?

A

Anconeus

41
Q

What is yellow?

A

Supinator

42
Q

What is orange?

A

Extensor pollicis brevis

43
Q

What is blue?

A

Extensor pollicis longus

44
Q

What is blue?

A

Abductor pollicis longus

45
Q

What is green?

A

Extensor indicis

46
Q

What is the movement produced by anconeus?

A

Extension of elbow

47
Q

What is the movement produced by supinator?

A

Supernation

48
Q

What is the movement produced by extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extension of thumb

49
Q

What is the movement produced by extensor pollicis longus?

A

Extension of thumb

50
Q

What is the movement produced by abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abduction of thumb

51
Q

What is the movement produced by extensor indicis?

A

Extension of forefinger

52
Q

Describe the movements of the thumb?

A
  • Flexion and extension is towards the floor and roof
  • Adduction and abduction are towards the front and back
53
Q

What is A?

A

Flexion

54
Q

What is B?

A

Extension

55
Q

What is C?

A

Abduction

56
Q

What is D?

A

Adduction

57
Q

What is E?

A

Opposition

58
Q

Adduction and abduction of fingers is around what?

A

Adduction and abduction of fingers work around the axial line of the hand (a plane):

  • Adduction is moving towards plane
  • Abduction is moving away from plane
  • So middle finger can do abduction in both directions (moving away from plane through it)

2A - Musculoskeletal (41 decks)

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