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Musculoskeletal > Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

Set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side

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2
Q

How does neurovascular supply enter the upper limbs?

A

Neurovascular supply enters into upper limb below scapula and through axilla:

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3
Q

What are the main nerves of the upper extremities?

A
  • Axillary
    • Shoulder
  • Musculocutaneous
    • Flexor compartment of arm
  • Radial
    • Almost all extensors muscles in posterior arm and forearm
  • Ulnar nerve
    • Few medial muscles in forearm and most small muscles in hand
  • Median nerve
    • Most of flexor compartment of forearm and few muscles in hand related to thumb
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4
Q

What are of the body does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Shoulder

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5
Q

What area of the body does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A

Flexor compartment of arm

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6
Q

What area of the body does the radial nerve supply?

A
  • Almost all extensors muscles in posterior arm and forearm
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7
Q

What area of the body does the ulnar nerve supply?

A
  • Few medial muscles in forearm and most small muscles in hand
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8
Q

What area of the body does the median nerve supply?

A
  • Most of flexor compartment of forearm and few muscles in hand related to thumb
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9
Q

Above, and below, the elbow is refered to as what?

A

Above - arm

Below - forearm

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10
Q

What are examples of dorsal muscles of the shoulder?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

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11
Q

What are examples of ventral muscles of the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

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12
Q

What movements are done by the trapezius?

A
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
  • Depression
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13
Q

What movement is done by the levator scapulae?

A

Elevation

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14
Q

What movements are done by the rhomboids?

A
  • Elevation
  • Retraction
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15
Q

Does the latissmus dorsi attach to the shoulder?

A

No, attaches to the humerus

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16
Q

What is A?

A

Trapezius

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17
Q

What is B?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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18
Q

What is C?

A

Rhomboids

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19
Q

What is D?

A

Levator scapulae

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20
Q

What movement is done by the serratus anterior?

A

Protraction

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21
Q

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

Lumbothoracic nerve

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22
Q

What is a common sign of injury to the lumbothoracic nerve?

A

Winged scapula

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23
Q

What is A?

A

Pectoralis major

24
Q

What is B?

A

Serratus anterior

25
What are the different parts of the deltoid?
* **Anterior part** * Flexion * Adduction * **Lateral part** * Abduction * **Posterior part** * Extension * Adduction
26
What movements are done by the anterior part of deltoid?
* Flexion * Adduction
27
What movements are done by the lateral part of the deltoid?
Abduction
28
What movements are done by the posterior part of deltoid?
* Extension * Adduction
29
What nerve supplies the deltoid?
Axillary nerve
30
How is the axillary nerve often damaged?
Shoulder dislocation
31
What muscles form the posterior group of the rotary cuff muscles?
* **Supraspinatus** * Assist abduction * **Infraspinatus** * Lateral rotation * **Teres minor** * Lateral rotation * **Teres major** * Medial rotation * Does not stabilises shoulder joint as attaches to anterior humerus without crossing joint
32
What movement is done by the supraspinatus?
Assists abduction
33
What movement is done by the infraspinatus?
Lateral rotation
34
What movement is done by the tere minor?
Lateral rotation
35
What movement is done by the teres major?
Medial rotation
36
What is the main function of rotary cuff muscles?
Stabalise joint
37
What is the only muscles of posterior group of rotary cuff muscles not to stabilise joint?
Tere major because attaches to anterior humerus without crossing shoulder joint
38
What is A?
Supraspinatus
39
What is B?
Infraspinatus
40
What is C?
Teres minor
41
What is D?
Teres major
42
What muscle is in the anterior group of rotary cuff muscles?
Subscapularis
43
What movement is done by the subscapularis?
Medial rotation
44
What are the posterior muscles of the elbow?
* **Triceps brachii** * Attaches to olecranon process of the ulna bone * 3 heads (hence triceps) * Lateral head * Long head * Medial head * Extends arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and extends arm at elbow joint
45
Where does the tricep brachii attach to?
* Attaches to olecranon process of the ulna bone
46
What are the different heads of the tricep brachii?
* Lateral head * Long head * Medial head
47
What movements are done by the tricep brachii?
* Extends arm at glenohumeral joint (shoulder) and extends arm at elbow joint
48
What nerve supplies the tricep brachii?
Radial nerve travels on surface of posterior humerus deep to muscle, supplying tricep
49
What often damages the radial nerve?
Humeral fracture
50
What are the anterior muscles of the elbow?
* **Bicep brachii** * 2 heads * Long head * Short head * Crosses 2 joints like triceps, meaning flexes both joints – glenohumeral and elbow * Also does supernation * Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus * Attaches to radias * **Brachialis** * Attaches to ulna * Flexion of elbow * **Brachioradialis** * Strong flexor in mid-position
51
What are the heads of the bicep brachii?
* 2 heads * Long head * Short head
52
What movements are done by bicep brachii?
* Crosses 2 joints like triceps, meaning flexes both joints – glenohumeral and elbow * Also does supernation * Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
53
What are agonists to the bicep brachiis action of supernation?
* Agonists are pronator teres and pronator quadratus
54
What bone does the bicep brachii attach to?
* Attaches to radias
55
What bone does the brachialis attach to?
Ulna
56
What movement is done by the brachialis?
Flexion of elbow
57
What movement is done by brachioradialis?
* Strong flexor in mid-position

Musculoskeletal (41 decks)

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