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Respiratory > Anatomy Of The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the development of the respiratory system

A

The respiratory system grows out of the pharynx of the early GI tract and develops as a diverticulum as it continues to split as it grows

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2
Q

What are the bony prominences on the sides of the nasal cavity called and what are their function

A

The nasal conchae increase the surface area and induce turbulent air flow to maximise the efficiency of gas exchange

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3
Q

What plane is the nasal cavity in

A

Horizontal plane

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4
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity

A
  • speech
  • moisten and warm air
  • olfaction
  • recovery of water from exhaled air
  • induce turbulent air flow
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5
Q

What do the Pharynx and larynx collectively do

A

Prevent food/liquids/air from going into the wrong tube

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6
Q

What do the paranasal sinuses so

A

Complement the nasal cavities functions

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7
Q

What makes up the larynx

A

Cartilaginous structure including the vocal cords

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8
Q

What makes up the conducting airways

A

Trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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9
Q

What makes up the respiratory portion of the airway

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli sacs

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10
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

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11
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

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12
Q

Describe the structure of the trachea

A

Anterior C shaped cartilage
Lack of cartilage at the back to allow the bolus in the oesophagus to bulge in
Muscles posteriorly to contract and constrict the lumen

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13
Q

How many articulations does each rib have

A

3; 2 at the head of the rib with a vertebra from above and below and at the costotransverse joint

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14
Q

Which vertebral body does a rib belong to

A

The vertebra to which its tubercle articulates with

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15
Q

How do the ribs move during inhalation

A

Out with the sternum and up

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16
Q

What causes the main increase in the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation

A

The movement of the diaphragm

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17
Q

What causes the movement of air into the lungs

A

The increase in volume of the thoracic cavity lowers the pressure inside so air moves in via Boyle’s law

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18
Q

What is the shape of the diaphragm

A

Domed

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19
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm

A

The phrenic nerve

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20
Q

Why can you get shoulder tip pain due to damage to the diaphragm

A

As the phrenic nerve supplies innervation to C3/4/5 dermatomes which cover the shoulder

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21
Q

True or false: the diaphragm is under autonomic control

A

False- its under somatic control

22
Q

What type of muscle is the diaphragm

A

Skeletal muscle

23
Q

What are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles

A

External, internal and innermost

24
Q

What do the external intercostal muscles do

A

Contract to pull the ribs up during inhalation

25
Q

What do the internal and innermost intercostal muscles do

A

Contract to pull the ribs down during exhalation

26
Q

In what direction do the fibres of the intercostal muscles run

A

External - hands in pocket direction

Internal and innermost - perpendicular

27
Q

At what level does the vena cava pierce through the diaphragm

A

T8

28
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pierce through the diaphragm

A

T10

29
Q

At what level does the aortic hiatus pierce through the diaphragm

A

T12

30
Q

Name some accessory muscles of respiration

A

Pec major and sternocleidomastoid

31
Q

What NVB is found running through the costal groove

A

Intercostal vein, artery and nerve

32
Q

Where is the intercostal NVB found

A

At the bottom of the rib

33
Q

What is the venous drainage system for the intercostal muscles

A

Azygos drainage system

34
Q

Where does the Azygos venous system drain into

A

Superior vena cava

35
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

36
Q

How many lobes does the left lobe have

A

2

37
Q

What are the 2 fissures separating the lobes of the right lung called

A

Horizontal and oblique

38
Q

What is the fissure separating the lobes of the left lung called

A

Oblique

39
Q

Which lobes of the right lung would you be listening to at the back of the chest

A

The inferior lobe (as that makes up most of the posterior lung)

40
Q

Why are foreign bodies more likely to go down the right bronchus

A

As it is more vertical than the left

41
Q

Describe the vessels in the hilum of the lung

A

The airways are posterior
Pulmonary arteries are superior
Pulmonary veins are inferior

42
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

The space between the lungs

43
Q

What structures are found in the superior mediastinum

A

Trachea, aortic arch

44
Q

What structures are found in the inferior mediastinum

A

Heart, descending aorta, oesophagus

45
Q

What are the 2 layers of pleura called

A

Parietal and visceral

46
Q

What is found in the pleural cavity

A

A fluid which helps the pleura stick together, stopping the lungs from recoiling

47
Q

What is the costophrenic recess

A

A space where the pleural cavity reflects - there is no lung tissue found here

48
Q

What is the purpose of the costophrenic recess

A

Allows the lungs to inflate during inhalation

49
Q

What is a pleural effusion

A

When fluid builds up in a recess of the pleural cavity - this could be from infection, inflammation etc

50
Q

What arteries supply the lung tissue

A

Bronchial arteries

51
Q

Roughly explain where the diaphragm sits

A

On the left it sits at the level of the 5th ICS but on the right it is at the level of the 4th ICS

Respiratory (13 decks)

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