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Renal System > Anatomy of the Prostate Gland and Perineal Region- LSRC > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Prostate Gland and Perineal Region- LSRC Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the prostate located?

A

Inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds prostatic urethra

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2
Q

What is the prostate?

A

Largest accessory gland of male reproductive system

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3
Q

What is the superior part of the prostate close to?

A

Neck of bladder

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4
Q

What is the apex/inferior of the prostate close to?

A

Fasia on the superior aspect of the external urethral sphincter

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5
Q

How is the prostate separated from the pubic symphysis?

A

By the retroperitoneal fat in the retropubic space

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6
Q

What is the urethral crest?

A

Midline ridge

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7
Q

What is the prostatic sinus

A

Depression one acc side of urethral crest

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8
Q

How does the prostatic utricle come about?

A

By fusion of paramesonephric ducts

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9
Q

Arteries of prostate are derived from which artery?

A

Internal iliac artery

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10
Q

Which branches from internal iliac arteries supply prostate?

A

Inferior vesicle artery

Internal pudendal and middle rectal arteries

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11
Q

Where do the veins from prostate drain into?

A

Internal iliac veins

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12
Q

Why do carcinomas of the prostate spread rapidly to the pelvic bone and vertebrae?

A

Veins drain into Internal iliac veins
The veins continue superiorly with vesicle venous plexus and communicate superiorly with internal vertebral venous plexus that lie in front of vertebral bodies and within neural canal

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13
Q

What are the 2 capsules that the prostate has?

A

True fibrous capsule- dense and neuromuscular, containing prostatic plexus of veins and nerves
False surrounding fibrous capsular prostatic sheath- composed of condensed visceral layer of pelvic or extra peritoneal fascia

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14
Q

What are the lobes of the prostate?

A

Inferoposterior lobule
Inferolateral lobule
Superomedial lobule
Anteromedial lobule

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15
Q

What are the zones in the prostate?

A

Peripheral zone
Central zone (middle love)
Transition zone

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16
Q

What does the prostate secrete?

A

Milky, acidic fluid

Goes together with secretions from seminal vesicles contributing to volume of semen during ejaculation

17
Q

Which lobes are affected with hypertrophy of prostate?

A

Lateral lobe affected
Median lobe involved or affected, obstruction of prostatic urethra may occur, stop urination, increase risk of bladder infections (cystitis) and kidney damage

18
Q

How are metastases of prostatic cancer spread?

A

Via lymphatic route- internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

Venous routes following internal vertebral venous plexus to the vertebrae and brain

19
Q

Transurethral Resection of the prostate

A

All or part or just the hypertrophied part could be removed via transurethral resection

Due to close relationship of prostate to prostatic urethra

20
Q

What is radical prostatectomy

A

Involve removal of prostate with seminal vesicle, ejaculatory ducts and terminal parts of deferent ducts

21
Q

Pelvic diaphragm consists of which muscles?

A

Coccygeus

Levator ani: Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus

22
Q

What does pelvic diaphragm do

A

Separated pelvic cavity from perineum

Forms roof of perineum

23
Q

What are the two layers of the superficial layer of perineal fascia

A

Superficial fatty layer (campers fascia)

Deep membranous layer (Perineal or collet fascia)

24
Q

What are the two perineal pouches?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

Deep perineal pouch

25
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Space between perineal fascia (inferiorly) and perineal membrane (superiorly)

26
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Space between perineal membrane inferiorly and inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm superiorly and inferior portion of obturator fascia

27
Q

Rupture of the membranous (intermediate) part of the urethra occurs due to what?

A

Trauma and fracture of pelvic girdle with separation of pubic symphysis and puboprostatic ligament

28
Q

What is the result of rupture of membranous part of urethra?

A

Escape of urine and blood into deep perineal pouch

Fluid may pass superiorly through urogenital and distribute extraperitonealy around prostate and bladder

29
Q

Cause of rupture of spongy part of urethra- bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum

A

Trauma like forceful blow to perineum such as falling on metal beam or incorrect transurethral catheterisation

30
Q

What does rupture of spongy part of urethra lead to??

A

Urine escaping into superficial perineal pouch
May pass into loose connective tissue in scrotum, penis and superiorly deep to membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue of the inferior anterior abdominal wall

31
Q

Why can urine not pass into the thighs?

A

Membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia blends with the fascia lata (surrounds muscle of thigh) just distal to the inguinal ligament

32
Q

Why can urine not pass into the anal triangle?

A

Superficial and deep perineal fascia are continuous with each other around the superficial perineal muscles and with posterior edge of perineal membrane

33
Q

Where is the ischio-anal fossae?

A

Located on either side of anal canal

Apex lies superiorly where elevator ani muscle arises from

34
Q

What is the aschio-anal fossa?

A

Space filled with fat and loose connective tissue

35
Q

What are the boundaries of the ischio-anal fossae?

A

Laterally- ischia and overlapping inferior part of obturator interns, covered with obturator fascia
Medially- external anal sphincter
Superiorly-slopping roof formed by elevator ani muscle
Posteriorly- flutes maximus, sacrotuberous ligament
Anteriorly- bodies of pubic bones

LOOK AT DIAGRAM ON PPT

36
Q

What are the contents of the ischia-anal fossae?

A 
Fat body- give support for anal canal
Neurovascular structures- inc rectal vessels and nerves
Cutaneous nerves
Perforating branch of S2, S2, 
Perineal branch of S4 nerve
Pudendal canal (Alcock canal)
37
Q

What is in the pudendal canal?

A

In lateral wall of ischio-anal fossae
Internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to the obturator interns

38
Q

The pelvic floor/ roof of perineum is divided into 2 triangles called what? divided by what?

A

Urogenital triangle anteriorly
Anal triangle posteriorly
Central perineal body- in-between the “2 main holes”

39
Q

Which muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Renal System (4 decks)

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