Anatomy of the Pelvis Flashcards
describe the anatomical differences between female and male pelvis
n.b. the pubic angle/pubic arch is the angle between the inferior pubic rami
pubic angle in females; is nearly 90 degrees or above
females have a short/broad sacrum
females have straight coccyx
females have broad ilium
=4 CHILDBIRTH
pubic angle to males; less than 90 degrees
males have a long/narrow sacrum
males have inward coccyx
males have shallow ilium (shallower hips)
what organs sit in the true pelvis (below pelvic inlet line) whereas in the false pelvis (below pelvic inlet)
TRUE PELVIS :terminal end of GI tract; rectus,bladder, uterus, ovaries, prostate, internal genitalia
FALSE PELVIS; most of the small bowel (i.e. duodenum, jejunum, ileum), parts of the colon, and the common iliac vessels
what anatomical feature do you put your hands on when you put your hands on your hips
anterior superior iliac spine/iliac crest
what is the STRONGEST ligament of pelvis
The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament in the body and attaches the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
what ligament protects the synovial planar sacroiliac joint
the sacroiliac ligament (one of the strongest ligaments in body) protects the sacroiliac joint (synovial planar)
sacroiliac joint is the articulation between the sacrum (part of vertebral column) and the inonimate bone/ilium of hipbone
what does the sacrospinous ligament connect to and from
what does the sacrotuberous ligament connect to and from
sacrospinous ligament= from sacrum to ischial spine
sacrotuberous ligament= is a thick fibrous band that extends from the posterior ilium, lateral sacrum and coccyx to the** ischial tuberosity**
what structures are found in the greater vs lesser sciatic foramen and note well the ones that run through both
greater sciatic foramen:
-superior gluteal neurovascular bundle
-inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle
-internal pudendal artery + vein
-pudendal nerve
-sciatic nerve
lesser sciatic foramen:
-internal pudendal artery + vein
-pudendal nerve
-obturator internus muscle
where does the inguinal ligament run to and from and what is the clinical significance of it?
inguinal ligament runs from ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) to the pubic tubercle
clinical significance: inguinal ligament is an important diagnostic and surgical landmark. This structure helps differentiate groin hernia types. Herniation above the ligament indicates an inguinal hernia, while protrusion below the ligament signifies a femoral hernia
what is contained in the female inguinal canal vs male inguinal canal
female inguinal canal;
-round ligament of uterus (ground uterus to the mons pubis)
-genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
-ilioinguinal nerve
male inguinal canal;
-ductus deferens
-testicular artery
-pampiniform plexus
-genital branch of gentiofemoral nerve
-ilioinguinal nerve
-muscles of the spermatic cord
-artery and veins of ductus deferens
what muscle of the pelvic floor is responsible for faecal continence
puborectalis muscle provides the constrictor function to the anal canal, vagina and urethra
What is the lithotomy position?
The lithotomy position is often used during childbirth and surgery in the pelvic area (legs spread up)
where is the male membranous urethra found
the male membranous urethra is found in the deep peroneal pouch
most arteries to the pelvis derive from []
most arteries to the pelvis derive from internal iliac artery which is a branch of the common iliac artery (which is a bifurcation of abdominal aorta; L4)
what nerve supplies
*gluteus medius
*gluteus minimus
*gluteus maximus
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) passes through the sciatic notch above the piriformis muscle. It supplies the gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fasciae latae muscles
. The inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) supplies the gluteus maximus
what nerve + its roots innervates
* external genitalia of both sexes, skin around anus, anal canal + perineum
* sensory supply to upper anterior thigh, skin of scrotum (males) and mons pubis (females)
- external genitalia of both sexes, skin around anus, anal canal + perineum= innervated by pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
- sensory supply to upper anterior thigh, skin of scrotum (males) and mons pubis (females)= genitofemoral nerve (L1,L2)
the inferior vesical artery exists only in the male, the female has in its place the []
the inferior vesical artery exists only in the male, the female has in its place the vaginal/uterine artery
what is the function of the cremaster muscle in the testes
its responsible for elevating the testes to maintain the temperature of sperm= cremaster muscle
when its too hot; relaxation of the cremaster muscle lowers the testicle away from the body core, thus decreasing the testicular temperature
what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to pelvis (pelvic viscera)
pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic roots S2-S4)
What nerve provides sympathetic innervation to pelvic viscera
sacral splanchnic nerves (sympathetic root ganglia T10-L2 sacral)
what is the pelvic inlet
The pelvic inlet (aka pelvic brim) divides the abdominal cavity from pelvic cavity.
The borders of the pelvic inlet include:
- Sacral promontory and ala (ala of ilium refers to the upper, fan-shaped portion of the ilium; aka posterior border)
- Lines terminals (a combination of the arcuate line on inner surface of ilium and pectineal line on superior pubic ramus) (lateral border)
- Pubic symphysis (anterior border)
Which ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity?
Sacrotuberous ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity
Which ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine?
The sacrospinous ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial spine.
Which structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
- inferior gluteal nerve
- internal pudendal nerves
- piriformis
- pudendal nerve
- sciatic nerve
*superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius and minimus receive oxygenated blood from which vessel?
Gluteus medius and minimus receive oxygenated blood from the superior gluteal artery
The rectum receives blood supply from three separate arteries;
what is the origin of the following
-superior rectal artery
-middle rectal artery
-inferior rectal artery
Superior rectal artery - inferior mesenteric artery
Middle rectal artery - internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal artery - internal pudendal artery
What bony landmark can be used to locate the pudendal nerve?
ischial spine is the bony landmark used to locate the pudendal nerve
Where does the ovarian/testicular arterial supply originte from?
abdominal aorta (which begins at T12 and bifurcates at L4)
what 3 muscles make up the levator ani
The levator ani group is made up of three muscles:
- Iliococcygeus
- Pubococcygeus
- Puborectalis
The posterior wall of the vagina is longer than the anterior wall; true or false
true; the posterior wall of the vagina is longer than the anterior wall
The urethra and vagina both open into the vestibule of the vagina; true or false?
true; The vestibule of the vagina is enclosed by the labia minora. Within this region are the external orifices of both the urethra and vagina.
In which part of the Fallopian tube does fertilisation most commonly occur?
ampulla of fallopian tube is usually where fertilisation occurs
which arteries supply the fallopian tube?
Both the ovarian and uterine arteries provide blood supply to the Fallopian tube.
How is the normal position of the uterus described?
The normal position of the uterus is described as anteverted and anteflexed.
implantation usually occurs in the uterus in a normal pregnancy. Where does implantation occur in ectopic pregnancy?
Usually implantation occurs in the uterus. If implantation occurs (outside uterus/womb) in any other location (such as the Fallopian tube, ovary or cervix) this is refer to as an ectopic pregnancy
