Anatomy Of The Nervous System Flashcards
Three primary layers of the embryo developmental stages?
Ectoderm, Endoderm and Mesoderm
What is ectoderm and where is it found?
Ectoderm is the outer layer and it is mostly skin and neural tissues
What is endoderm and where is it found?
Endoderm is found in the inner side of the cell and it is mostly inner organs such as digestion section and respiratory region
What is Mesoderm and where is it found?
Mesoderm is in the inbetween layers and mostly makes up the bones and muscles
What is neural plate is made of?
A neural plate is made of Ectoderm on the dorsal side
What is neural tube matures into?
Neural tube matures into future brain and spinal cord.
What is spina bfida
A developmental birth defect where the neural tube is not fully closed.
How can spina bfida be prevented?
Intake of folic acid
How does this spina bfida affect the movement?
It affects the movement by affecting the motor movement of hips, legs knee and feet
The regions of the developmental brain at 1 month?
Prosencephalon, Mesoencephalon and Rhomboencephalon
Regions of the Brain at developmental stage of 5 weeks
Prosencephalon turns into to telencephalon and Diencephalon
Mesoencephalon turns into mesencephalon
Rhomboencephalon turns into Metencephalon and myelencephalon
Fully developed brain structure
Telencephalon turns into cerebrum and cerebral hemisphere and white matter also basal nuclei
Diencephalon remains the same but with thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus
Mesencephalon turns into midbrain
Metecephalon turns into pons
Myelencephalon turns into medulla oblongate
Sagittal plane
Divides the brain into left and right
Coronal plane
Divides the body into front and back
Horizontal plane
Divides the body into top and bottom, cranial and caudal
What does gray matter contain and where is it located
Gray mater contain cell bodies , dendrites and synapses and on the cortical surface of the brain
What does white matter contain and where it is located
White matter contains myelinated axons mostly inner region of the brain
What are two main nervous systems?
Central nevous system and Peripheral nervous system
parts of the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
Parts of the peripehral nervous system
Spinal and cranial nerves
What is topographical mapping
An organized systamtically representative of sensory stimulus on the neural regions
Major components of the CNS
Spinal cord, Brain stem, Forebrain and cerebellum and also cerebrum
What is brain stem and what does it do and what does it contain
Brain stem contains thalamus, midbrain , pons and medulla
What does the brain stem do
Controls the reflexes, controlling heart rate also limb movements
What is cerebellum and what does it do
cerebellum is basically set of its own nerual characterstics and it controls the movement, balance and limb coordination
What does hypothalamus control
Hypothalamus controls heart rate , fat metabolism, respiratory and Body temperature
What does thalamus control
It controls the relaying of sensory and motor information to brain except for smell and two thalamus covers the third ventricle and the main prodcut diencephalon.
Explain cerebrum and what does it contain
Contains cerberal cortex and has a large fibre tract known as corpus callousum
Which mutated gene and the responsible protein for the mutation and is it autosomal recessive or dominant
Mutation in the PCNT gene results in the loss of the development of the corpus callosum the responsible protein for the PCNT gene is pericentrin and it is an autosomal recessive which means both of the parents carry one copy of the gene but does not demonstrate the gene
Life expectancy and characteristics of the person with the primordial dwarfism
People tend to be smaller and approximately only 100 people are mostly affected and nasal / high pitch voice and they tend to lack the coordination of the interaction between the hemispheric advantage.
How does the pericentrin affect the growth?
Pericentrin is mostly for the cell cycle and cell division and mutation in the pcnt could potentially result in the expression of someother protein.
Where does the basal ganglia is located and what does it do?
Basal ganglia located in the prefrontal cortex and it helps to prioritize the information and it grows and nurtures with the prefrontal cortex.
What does hippocamopus do
It is crucial for learning and memory
What does amygdala do?
Emotional centre of the brain and fear and aggression behaviour, Most of the teen heavily rely on amygdala.
What does adults more depend on compared to teens?
Adults mostly tend to depend on preforntal cortex as it is mostly devloped around the age of 25 while teens base on amygdala.
Function of basal ganglia?
Movement and mood also memory and attention.
Functions of the prefrontal cortex?
Decision making, thinking and planning .
Organizing and problem solving and behavioual control.
Somatosensory information from the the body ( exculding neck and head) mapped into where?
Dorsal root ganglion
Somatosensory information above from the neck and body mapped into where
Trigeminal ganglion.
