Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards
What makes up the ball and socket of the hip joint?
Ball = femoral head Socket = acetabulum
The depth of the acetabulum is increased by what 2 structures?
Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum
Transverse acetabular ligament
The head of the femor is covered with articular cartilage apart for what structure?
Pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur
What are the functions of the 3 joint capsule ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
- Y shaped
- Prevents hyperextension of hip joint
Pubofemoral ligament
-Prevents overabduction of hip joint
Ischiofemoral ligament
-Secures from ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur
What is the chief flexor of the hip joint?
Iliopsoas
What are the muscles that can flex the hip?
6
Iliopsoas Sartorius Tensor fasciae latae Rectus femoris Pectineus Adductor group
What muscles cause hip extension?
Hamstrings
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus - posterior part
Name 3 hip abductors and medial rotators
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
Name the lateral rotators of the hip joint
Obturator internus and externus
Piriformis
Gluteus maximus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
What arteries supply the hip joint?
What artery supplies the head of femur?
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
-Branches of profunda femoris artery
Artery to head of femur -> branch of the obturator artery
What nerves supply the hip joint?
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
What are the two articular surfaces of the knee joint?
Femorotibial
Femoropatellar
(fibula is not involved in the knee joint)
Name the 4 capsular ligaments of the knee joint
Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
The tibial collateral ligament extends between which two points?
Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to what structure?
Medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
Deep fibres firmly attached to medial meniscus
The fibular collateral ligament extends between which two points?
From lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
What tendon passes deep to the fibular collateral ligament?
Tendon of popliteus
The intra-articular structures within the knee joint consist of what 2 structures?
Cruciate ligaments
Menisci
What is the weaker of the two cruciate ligaments?
Whats its blood supply like?
Anterior cruciate ligament
poor blood supply
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
Prevent posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
Prevent hyperflexion of knee
What are the role of menisci of the knee joint?
Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption
Describe the structure of the medial and lateral menisci
size, shape, what it connects to
Medial meniscus
- C shaped, broader post.
- Adheres to the deep surface of TCL
Lateral meniscus
- Smaller and more freely moveable than medial
- Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the PCL
How many bursae are around the knee joint?
How many of these communicate with the joint cavity?
12 bursae around knee
4 communicate with the joint cavity
Name the bursae that communicate with the knee joint cavity
Suprapatellar bursa
Popliteal bursa
Anserine bursa
Gastrocnemius bursa
What causes locking and unlocking of the knee joint
what movement is locking and unlocking?
Locking:
-Medial rotation of femur on the tibia
Unlocking:
-Lateral rotation of femur on the tibia
What muscle causes the initial flexion which unlocks the knee?
Popliteus muscle
What are the flexors of the knee?
Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
What are the extensors of the knee?
Quadriceps Femoris
