Anatomy of the Hip and Knee

Question 1

What is Shenton’s line formed by?

Answer 1

Medial edge of femoral neck

Inferior edge of superior pubic ramus

Question 2

Loss of contour of Shenton’s line is indicative of what?

Answer 2

Fracture of neck of femur

Question 3

Fractures can be extra-capsular or intra-capsule which changes what blood supply is disrupted, describe this?

Answer 3

• Extra-capsular
  
  • Always fix
  • Blood supply intact
• Intra-capsular
  
  • Blood supply compromised
  • Management based on age of patient and displacement
    
    • Undisplaced – fixed
    • Displaced and young – fix
    • Displaced and elderly – replace (hemiarthroplasty or THR)

Question 4

What is the mangement of an intra-capsular femoral neck fracture?

Answer 4

• Management based on age of patient and displacement
  
  • Undisplaced – fixed
  • Displaced and young – fix
  • Displaced and elderly – replace (hemiarthroplasty or THR)

Question 5

What is hemiarthroplasty?

Answer 5

Surgical procedure which replaces one half of the hip joint (the head of femur)

Question 6

What is the normal ROM of the knee?

Answer 6

• -5 to 130 degrees

Question 7

What is the function of meniscii?

Answer 7

• Load transmission
• Stability
• Proprioception
• Shock absorption

Question 8

What are examples of knee injuries?

Answer 8

• Meniscal tears
• Ligament injuries
  
  • Example is ACL injury
    
    • Knee buckles during pivot
    • Unable to play on
    • Immediate haemarthrosis
    • Recurrent instability
    • X-ray – hamerthrosis, segond fracture
• OCD lesions
• Loose bodies
• Fractures
  
  • Open or classed
• Quads/patellar tendon ruptures
• Knee dislocation
  
  • Ligaments need to be compromised for this to occur