Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular anatomy > Anatomy of the heart- lecture 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the heart- lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are contained within the lung root

A
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Main bronchus
  • pulmonary veins - 2 for each lung
  • Pulmonary lymphatic vessels
  • Bronchopulmonary lympho nodes
  • Autonomic motor nerves
  • Pulmonary visceral afferents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the heart located

A

middle mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are the phrenic nerves found in relation to the heart

A

Descend down lateral borders of the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

There are two nerves found in the middle pericardium how can we find these

A
  • Vagus nerve - Posterior to hilum
  • Phrenic nerve - anterior to Hilum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Serous pericardium
  1. ​Parietal serous layer
  2. Visceral serous layer - this is the Epicardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is between the two serous layers

A

Pericardial cavity/sac

  • Secretes serous fluid
  • To reduce surface tension and lubricate the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What pathology can airse in the pericardial cavity

A

Haemopericardium - heart fills with blood

  • Can put pressure on the heart and prevent contraction
  • Can lead to cardiam tamponade - preventing normal beats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for fluid in the pericaridal space

A

Pericaridocentesis

  • Draining fluid
  • Needle inserted via infrasternal angle and directed superior-posteriorly, aspirating continously
  • Below the costal cartilages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the transverse pericardial Sinus

A
  • A channel between the posterior left and right sides of the pericardial cavity
  • Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
  • Anterior to the SVC
  • Can put fingers behind the 2 vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the significance of the transverse percardial sinus

A

Surgical importance

  • Cardiopulmonary bypass
  • Isolate the two vessels and tie them off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Great vessels of the heart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinically important surfaces of the heart

A
  • Anterior (Sternocostal) Surface
  • Base (Posterior) Surface
  • Inferior (Diaphragmatic) Surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the cinically important borders of the heart

A
  • Right border - Right atrium
  • Left (lateral) Border - Left ventricle
  • Inferior border - Right ventricle
  • Superior border - Great vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the apex

A

Clinically the most lateral and inferior aspect of the heart

  • Located in left side, 5th intercostal space midclavicular line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the anterior surface anatomy of the heart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 nerves in the superior mediastinum

A
  • Vagus - most medial
  • Phrenic- most lateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the main veins form the heart

A
  • Internal jugular vein - drians head and neck - left and right
  • Subclavian vein - upper limb drainage
  • these two form the Brachiocephalic vein - on the Right
  • Brachiocephlic vien on left is a branch of the SVC
  • Pulmonary veins - brings oxygenated blood back to the heart into the left atrium -4 pulmonary veins - 2 on each side
  • the Two brachiocephalic veins come together to form superior vena cava
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the main ateries of the heart

A
  • Pulmonary arteries - Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
  • Aorta
  1. ​Ascending aorta
  2. Arch of aorta
  3. Descending Aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the branches of the arch of aorta

A
  1. Brachiocephalic Trunk - Bifurcates into common carotic and right subclavian
  2. Left common carotid - head and neck
  3. Left subclavian artery - left upper limb
20
Q

What are auricles

A

Extension of the Atria - allow atria to fill with more blood

  • Right Auricle = extension of right atrium
  • Left auricle = Extension of left atrim
21
Q

What are the grooves in the heart

A
  1. Right side = coronory groove for coronary artery
  2. Left side = anterior intraventricular groove
  • ​Boundary between left and right ventricles
  • where anterior intra-ventricular artery - Left anterior descending
22
Q

What the bas eof the heart mostly composed of

A

Left atrium

23
Q

What is the anatomy of the posterior side of the heart

A
24
Q

What is the coronory sinus

A
  • Short Vein - located in the atrioventricular groove
  • Recieves blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the Right atrium
  • Border between the base and inferior surface of the heart
25
Q

what are the posterior grooves in the heart

A
  1. Posterior intra-ventricular groove -
    * This is where the intra-ventricular artery lies - Branch of right coronary artery
  2. Intra-arterial Groove
    * Visualised only from base and no artery lies here
  3. Atrio-ventricular groove - transvere groove
    * Between the atria and ventricle - this is where the coronary arteriy lies transversle
26
Q

What does the Azygous vein drain and where does it drain into

A
  • Drains - posterior inter-costal veins
  • Drains into - superior vena cava
27
Q

what are the first branches off the Ascending aorta

A

Coronary arteries

28
Q

What is the first branch of the Arch of aorta

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

29
Q

What are the branches off of the right coronory artery

A
  • Anterior - right marginal artery
  • Posterior intraventricular artery
30
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery

A
  1. anterior intraventricular artery- left anterior descedning
  2. Left marginal branch
  • Circumference artery - branches from left mariginal
  • Lateral branch - from left anterior descending
31
Q

What is the coronary sinus

A

Vein at the back of the heart that drains deoxygenated blood from cardiac veins into right atrium

32
Q

What are the septums of the heart

A
  1. intra-atrial septum - between left and right atrium
  2. Intraventricular septum - between left and right atrium
33
Q

What are the type of septal defects in the heart

A
  1. Atrial-septal defect ​
  2. Intra-ventricular septal defect
  • ​mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood can cause hypoxaemia
34
Q

What are the 3 openings into the right atrium

A
  1. superior vena cava
  2. inferior vena cava
  3. Coronary sinus
35
Q

Describe the anatomy of the interior of the right atirum

A
  1. Muscular Texture - muscular bands
  2. Smooth area - posterior wall of atrium
  • ​Crista terminalis - line that separates the two texture
    3. Oval fossa - in the smooth muscle posterior wall
  • Embryological reminant
36
Q

Describe the Tricuspid valves

A
  • 3 cusps - names according to anatomical position
  1. ​Anterior cusp
  2. Posterior cusp
  3. Septal cusp - directly toward the intraventricular septum
37
Q

Describe the pulmonary vavle

A
  1. Anterior cusp
  2. Left Cusp
  3. Right Cusp
38
Q

Describe the Bicuspid vavle

A
  1. anterior
  2. Posterior cusp
39
Q

Describe the Aortic vavle

A
  1. Right Cusp
  2. Left Cusp
  3. Posterior Cusp
  • Ostia - 2 right and left sinues for coronary ateries
40
Q

What is the leaflet design and which cusps have these

A
  1. Tricuspid
  2. Bisbuspid
  • ​Connected by papillary muscle to walls of ventricules
  • Leaflet is connected to PM by chordae tendineae/ Tendonous cords
  • prevent vavles from being pulled back into atirum
41
Q

What are semi-lunar vavles

A
  1. Aortic vavle
  2. Pulmonary vavle
  • ​Half-moon shaped
42
Q

Describe the interior of the ventricle anatomy

A
  1. Papillary muscle
  2. Valves
  3. Fibrous skeleton
  4. Moderator bands
43
Q

Describe the fibrous bands

A
  • Shortcut for electricle activity reaching anterior cusp of tricuspid valve
  • why? because its positioned further away - needs short-cut to allow it to contract at the same time as other cusps
44
Q

Whats the function of the fibrous skeleton

A
  • Links the vavles
  • Gives structural integritiy
  • Allows abit of solid tissue valves to anchor on to
  • Allows electricle conduction through heart
45
Q

Describe the interior of the left atrium

A
  • Foamen ovale - Remenant of formen ovale valve
  • Cusps of mitral vavle
  • Left auricle opening
  • Bilateral opening of superior and inferior pulmonary veins
46
Q

What are all the auscultatory sites on the thorax

A

Cardiovascular anatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions