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Cardiovascular anatomy > Anatomy of - lecture 2 part 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of - lecture 2 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe somatic pain and give examples

A

sharp, well localised stabbing

  • Joint pain
  • fibrous pericardium
  • Muscular bony
  • intravertebral disc
  • Nerve
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2
Q

Describe visceral pain

A

dull, aching, nauseating, poorly localised

  • Eosophageal
  • Tracheal
  • Heart lungs other organs
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3
Q

what is radaiting pain and reffered pain

A

Radiating pain - Central chest pain - radiating to the back, neck, upper limbs,

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4
Q

What is Reffered pain

A

This pain is only felt at the site distant to the tissue damage in the chests - pain felt

  • Neck
  • Upper limb
  • back in heart attack
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5
Q

What is the pathway of pain

A
  • action potential passes through anterior ramus
  • Will travel to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
  • Will synpase with a second neurone which cross over to the opposite side in the spinal cord
  • This neurone will then travel to the cerebral cortex where it will gian conciousness
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6
Q

What are the different parts of the brain

A
  • Central sulcus divides the cerebrum into anterior into frontal and parietal lobes
    1. Pre-Central Gyrus
  • Just anterior to the central sulcus
  • Somato-motor area –will bring about contraction of smooth muscle

2. Post-Central Gyrus

  • Just posterior to the central sulcus
  • Somato-sensory – Aps that arrive here are sensory – pain
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7
Q

What is the sensory humanculus

A

He illustrates the areas of the cerebral neocortex (the outermost layer of the cerebral hemispheres) where sensations from different body wall structures (soma) reach consciousness. There is an equivalent somatic motor homunculus

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8
Q

What are somatic central chest pain sources

A

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

  • Chicken pox lie dorment in posterior root ganglion
  • Can get pain and blisters anyhwere in that dermatome
  • If its T4/T5- you can get sharp central chest pain
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9
Q

Muscle, bone and joint causes of central chest pain

A
  • Pectoralis major or intercostal muscle strain
  • Dislocated costochondral joint
  • Costovertebral joint inflammation
  • “Slipped” thoracic intervertebral disc
  • All can be felt as central chest pain
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10
Q

Types of visceral chest pain

A
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11
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the mediastinum

A
  1. Superior - T4
  2. Inferior
  • ​anterior
  • posterior
  • middle
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12
Q

what is the level of the superior mediastinum

A

T4

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13
Q

Structures in the right side of the mediastinum

A
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14
Q

Structures of the left side of the mediastinum

A
  • Phrenic nerve is located on the top of the root on the lung
  • The Arch of the Aorta – can only be visualized from the left side
  • Descending aorta - Thoracic aorta
  • Ligamentum Arteriosum – remimenant embryological structure that connects the arch of the aorta to the pulmonary trunk
  • On Left hand side – vagus nerve crosses the aorta –(important to orientate your self during examination when asked about vagus nerve)
  • Left vagus nerve – branches into recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Thoracic Duct – Lymph drainage
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15
Q

What is the vagus nerve found on right and left side

A
  1. Right side - surface of trachea
  2. Left side - crosses the aorta
  • ​Branch - Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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16
Q

what are the structures of the posterior mediastinum

A
17
Q

How does pain get to the CNS

A

Visceral afferent

  • Visceral afferents will travel along side cardiopulmonary splanchic nerves
  • Will follow sympathetics within spinal cord to reach the cerebral cortex
  • Specifically post central gyri
18
Q

Visceral afferents and somatic seconsory enter the spinal cord at the same site what is the problem with this?

A
  • The somatic sensory fibers are also plugging in at same area as the visceral afferents (cardiopulmonary nerves)
  • Confusion due to close proximity of the 2 pain fibers- cant decided where the pain is coming from – heart or somatic structures?
  • Somatic sensory fibres & visceral afferents are BOTH entering the spinal cord
19
Q

What are the different types of MI

A
  1. Anterior MI
  2. Inferior MI
  3. Anterior-lateral MI
20
Q

What coronary arteries are dominant i.e myocaridum is supplied most by which artery

A
  • 70% individuals right coronary artery is dominant - so myocaridum is supplied mostly by the right coronary artery
  • 15% individuals the left coronary artery is dominant
21
Q

In coronary atherosclerosis which sites are commonly affected

A
  1. Left anterior descending - 40%
  2. Right coronary artery
  3. Circumflex
  4. Main stem of left coronary artery
22
Q

Leads and arteries

A

Cardiovascular anatomy (3 decks)

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