Anatomy of the heart and EKG interpretation

Question 1

Bundle branches

Answer 1

Split electrical impulse down the right and left side

Question 2

Purkinje fibers

Answer 2

Electrical pathway for each cardiac cell

Impulse activates ventricles simultaneously

Produce an electrical wave

Question 3

P wave

Answer 3

First positive deflection Occurs when atria depolarize

atrial contraction

Question 4

Q wave

Answer 4

• Represent conduction of impulse down the inter ventricular septum
• First negative deflection before R wave
• Not always visualized on the ECG

Question 5

R wave

Answer 5

• First positive wave of the QRS complex
• Rep. Conduction of electrical impulse to the left ventricle

Question 6

S wave

Answer 6

First negative deflection after R wave

Question 7

QRS complex

Answer 7

Complete ventricle depolarization

atrial repolarization occurs (not seen)

0.06 - 0.1 seconds

Question 8

ST segment

Answer 8

End of the S wave to the beginning of T wave

Question 9

Myocardial damage

Answer 9

Elevated ST segment

Question 10

Isoelectric line

Answer 10

Baseline

Question 11

Ischemia

Answer 11

Reduced oxygen to the heart

Question 12

T wave

Answer 12

Ventricular repolarization Positive

Question 13

U wave

Answer 13

Not on all EKGs

Question 14

PR interval

Answer 14

measured beginning of P wave (atrial depol) to beginning of QRS (ventr. depol)

.12-.20 seconds

how long it takes the ventricles to contract

Question 15

QT interval

Answer 15

Time required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization

starts at the beginning of QRS complex and ends at the end of T

Question 16

J point

Answer 16

Indicator of where the ST-Segment begins

End of QRS complex

Question 17

1 square on the paper is equilvelent to ______ seconds

Answer 17

.04mm or (40 ms)

Question 18

Calculating heart rate

Answer 18

• 6-second method
• 300 method
• 1500 method

Question 19

6-second method

Answer 19

best for irregular

not as accurate

Question 20

300 method

Answer 20

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50, 43. 37, 33

Question 21

Describe the 1500 method.

Answer 21

1. Count the number of small boxes between two R
2. divide 1500 by that number

Question 22

What is Sinus Bradycardia?
Where does it originate from?

Answer 22

Originating from the SA node with a heart rate of less than 60 BPM.

This rate may or not affect cardiac output.

Question 23

What is sinus tachycardia?

Where does it originate from?

Answer 23

Sinus tachycardia originates from the SA node with a heart rate above 100 BPM.

Question 24

Define

Informed consent

Answer 24

A process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person, or for disclosing personal information.

Question 25

Which leads are considered augmented leads and unipolar?
Why are they called augmented?

Answer 25

aVR

aVL

aVF

tracings are increased in size

Question 26

Describe the aVF lead and its vector.

Answer 26

Positive deflection

measures in the direction of left foot

Question 27

What is the normal speed for an ECG

Answer 27

25mm/sec

Question 28

What is the normal artifact filter for an EKG?

Answer 28

normal setting between 40 - 150 Hz

Question 29

How many electrodes in a 12 lead ECG ?

Answer 29

10

Question 30

What is being measured on the horizontal axis of an EKG reading?

Answer 30

time (seconds)

Question 31

What is being measure on the vertical axis?

Answer 31

Myocardial Voltage (millivolts)

Question 32

What is the measurement of one large box?

Answer 32

5mm x 5mm

Question 33

Systole

Answer 33

Contracts creating pressure that opens the valves

• right ventricle flows to lungs
• left ventricle to aorta to body