Anatomy of the Foot

Question 1

Which bones make up the mid-foot?

Answer 1

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

Question 2

Which bones make up the hind-foot?

Answer 2

Talus

Calcaneus

Question 3

Which bones make up the fore-foot?

Answer 3

phalanges

metatarsals

Question 4

How many tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges does the skeleton of the foot contain?

Answer 4

7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges

Question 5

What is the ball of the foot?

Answer 5

the sole underlying the heads of the medial two metatarsals

Question 6

What does the thick, central part of the plantar fascia form?

Answer 6

the plantar aponeurosis

Question 7

Where does the plantar aponeurosis arise from?

Answer 7

posterior of the calcaneus

Question 8

How and where is the plantar aponeurosis reinforced?

Answer 8

At the anterior end of the sole, inferior to the heads of the metatarsals, transverse fibres reinforce the aponeurosis, forming the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament.

Question 9

What does the medial compartment of the sole contain?

Answer 9

abductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
the tendon of hallucis longus
the medial plantar nerve and vessels

Question 10

What does the central compartment of the sole contain?

Answer 10

flexor digitorum brevis
tendons of flexor hallucis longus 
tendons of flexor digitorum longus (& assoc. muscles)
quadratus plantae and lumbricals
adductor hallucis 
lateral plantar nerve & vessels

Question 11

What does the lateral compartment of the sole contain?

Answer 11

the abductor and flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 12

The interosseous compartment of the foot is found in which region of the foot only? And what does it contain?

Answer 12

Forefoot

Metatarsals, dorsal & plantar interosseous muscles, deep plantar and metatarsal vessels.

Question 13

Where does the dorsal compartment of the foot lie?

Answer 13

between the dorsal fascia and the tarsal bones + dorsal interosseous fascia of mid & forefoot.

Question 14

What does the dorsal compartment of the foot contain?

Answer 14

muscles - extensor hallucis brevis & extensor digitorum brevis
neurovascular structures of the dorsal of the foot

Question 15

There are 20 individual muscles of the foot. How are they generally laid out?

Answer 15

14 on plantar aspect
2 on dorsal
4 intermediate position

Question 16

The saphenous nerve innervates where on the cutaneous foot?

Answer 16

medial aspect, extends distally to head of 1st metatarsal

Question 17

The superficial and deep fibular nerves innervate which aspect of the cutaneous foot?

Answer 17

superiorly (dorsal aspect)

Question 18

The inferior aspect of the cutaneous foot is innervate by?

Answer 18

the medial and lateral plantar nerves - the common border of their distribution extends along the 4th metacarpal and toe or digit

Question 19

What innervates the lateral aspect of the cutaneous foot (including part of the heel)?

Answer 19

the sural nerve

Question 20

The heel is innervated by?

Answer 20

the medial branch of the tibial nerve

the lateral calcaneal branch of the sural nerve