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Neurology-Week 2 > Anatomy of The Eye & Orbit > Flashcards

Anatomy of The Eye & Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

The Optic canal is the opening for the… (2 structures)

A

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

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2
Q

The Superior Orbital Fissure is the opening for…( 5 structures) (hint they come from the cavernous sinus)

A 
CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CN VI
Superior Ophthalmic veins
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3
Q

The Infraorbital nerve (V2) comes out of the skull through the…

A

Infraorbital foramen (orange)

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4
Q

Foramina in the orbit for ethmoidal nerves and vessels

A

Ethmoidal foramina

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5
Q

Transparent, anterior part of the Sclera; largely avascular but has highest density of pain receptors in body; provides structural support to eye

A

Cornea

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6
Q

The Cornea is mostly (vascular/avascular)

A

Avascular

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7
Q

Middle, vascular layer that provides oxygen and nutrients to the retina; continue anteriorly as the Ciliary Body/Muscle

A

Choroid

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8
Q

Short, tendon-like fibers from the choroid that attach to the lens and control its shape and thickness

A

Zonular fibers

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9
Q

The Pupillary (Sphincter/Dilator) muscle is a SMOOTH muscle that constricts the pupil under parasympathetic control

A

Sphincter

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10
Q

The Pupillary (Sphincter/Dilator) muscle is a SMOOTH muscle that dilates the pupil under sympathetic control

A

Dilator

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11
Q

The Pupillary Sphincer and Dilator muscles are _____________ muscle

A

Smooth (thus under autonomic control)

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12
Q

_______ is an area of intense visual acuity located just lateral to the optic disc, and _________ is the area of highest visual acuity within it.

A

Macula; fovea centralis

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13
Q

Part of the eyelid; bands of dense CT that provide structure and support the eyelid

A

Tarsal plates

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14
Q

Glands that provide lubrication for the eyelids

A

Tarsal glands

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15
Q

Inside part of the eyelid; is in direct contact with the eye

A

Palperbral Conjunctiva

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16
Q

A sphincter muscle that closes the eyelids; innervated by the Facial nerve (CN VII);

A

Orbicularis Oculi

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17
Q

Muscle of the eye that opens the eye by lifting the upper eyelid; innervated by Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

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18
Q

A small smooth muscle under levator palpaebrae superioris that helps lift/open upper lid; innervated by sympathetic nerves

A

Superior Tarsal

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19
Q

Structure that helps limit the spread of infection to and from the orbit

A

Orbital Septum

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20
Q

Glands that produce and secrete tears; parasympathetic innervation from a branch of the facial nerve (CN 7)

A

Lacrimal Gland

21
Q

Dilated superior portion of the Nasolacrimal duct that receives tears from the eye

A

Lacrimal sac

22
Q

Membranous structure that drains tears into the Inferior Meatus within the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

23
Q

The Nasolacrimal duct drains into which Meatus

A

Inferior Meatus

24
Q

What are the 4 rectus muscles of the eye

A

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus

25
Q

What are the 2 oblique muscles of the eye

A

Superior oblique

Inferior oblique

26
Q

Which eye muscle is the ONLY one innervated by Cranial nerve #6 (Abducens)

A

Lateral rectus

27
Q

Which eye muscle is the ONLY one innervated by Cranial nerve #4 (Trochlear)

A

Superior Oblique

28
Q

Most eye muscles (4/6) are innervated by what cranial nerve

A

Oculomotor (CN III) (red)

29
Q

Most eye muscles arise from a ____________ at the back of the orbit EXCEPT _________

A

Common Tendinous Ring; inferior oblique

30
Q

The Medial Rectus eye muscle moves the eye in what direction?

A

Adducts (toward nose)

31
Q

The Lateral Rectus eye muscle moves the eye in what direction?

A

Abducts (away from nose)

32
Q

The Superior Rectus eye muscle moves the eye in what direction?

A

Up and In

33
Q

The Inferior Rectus eye muscle moves the eye in what direction?

A

Down and In

34
Q

The Superior Oblique eye muscle moves the eye in what direction?

A

Down and out

35
Q

The Inferior Oblique eye muscle moves the eye in what direction?

A

Up and Out

36
Q

If you want to isolate and test the Superior Rectus eye muscle, what do you tell the patient to do

A

Look laterally, then UP

37
Q

If you want to isolate and test the Inferior Rectus eye muscle, what do you tell the patient to do

A

Look laterally, the DOWN

38
Q

If you want to isolate and test the Superior Oblique eye muscle, what do you tell the patient to do

A

Look medially, then DOWN

39
Q

If you want to isolate and test the Inferior Oblique eye muscle, what do you tell the patient to do

A

Look medially, then UP

40
Q

The eye receives much of its blood supply from what artery

A

Internal Carotid artery

41
Q

Branch of the Internal Carotid artery that passes through the Optic Canal to alongside the Optic nerve

A

Ophthalmic artery

42
Q

Branch of the Ophthalmic artery that is the SOLE arterial supply for the retina

A

Central Retinal artery

43
Q

Veins around the eye that drain into cavernous sinus

A

Superior/Inferior Ophthalmic veins

44
Q

Since the Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic veins are valveless, they can drain into both the Cavernous Sinus and the _________ vein as well

A

Facial

45
Q

Branch of the Ophthalmic nerve (V1); conveys sensory information from the eyeball/cornea

A

Nasociliary nerve

  • Corneal reflex
46
Q

The Oculomotor nerve, besides just innervating eye muscles, also conveys parasympathetic innervation to what structures internal eye structures

A

Pupil constriction (Pupillary Sphincter muscle)

47
Q

What 4 media does light have to pass through before focusing on the retina?

A

Cornea (primary refractive media)
Aqueous humor (anterior and posterior chambers)
Lens
Vitreous

48
Q

What parasympathetic branch nerve of CN 7 hitchhike and join the lacrimal nerve (a branch of CN V1) to innervate lacrimal gland? Damage to this nerve can cause unilateral dry eye!

A

Greater petrosal nerve

  • a branch of facial nerve

Neurology-Week 2 (5 decks)

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