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Otology > Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the temporal bone

A

Squamosa
Mastoid
Petrous
Tympanic

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2
Q

Muscles attached to mastoid process

A 
SCM
Splenius capitus
Longus capitus
Digastric
Ant, sup, and post auricular
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3
Q

What type of cartilage is the ear made of?

A

Auricle - elastic

Cartilaginous canal - fibrocartilage

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4
Q

EAC composition

A

1/3: cartilage, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, hair

2/3: bone

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5
Q

EAC boundaries

A

Ant: Mandibular fossa, parotid
Post: mastoid
Sup: Epitympanic recess (medial), cranial cavity (lateral)
Inf: parotid

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6
Q

What bone makes bony canal of EAC

A

Tympanic portion of T bone: ant, floor, & part of post

Squamous: rest of post, roof

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7
Q

Epitympanum boundaries

A 
Med: LSCC, CN7
Sup: Tegmen
Ant: zygomatic arch
Lat: Squamous tbone (scutum)
Inf: fossa incudis
Post: aditus
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8
Q

Tympanic cavity boundaries

A

Roof: tegmen
Floor: jugular wall & styloid prominence
Post: mastoid, stapedius, pyramidal prominence
Ant: carotid wall, eustachian tube tensor tympani
Med: labyrinthine wall
Lat: TM, scutum (laterosuperior)

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9
Q

How is the auricle attached to the head?

A
  1. Skin
  2. An extension of cartilage to EAC cartilage
  3. Ligaments
    - Ant lig: zygoma to helix & tragus
    - Sup lig: EAC to spine of helix
    - Post lig: mastoid to concha
  4. Muscles: ant, sup, and post auricular muscles
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10
Q

Notch of Rivinus

A

The notch on the squamosa, medial to which lies Shrapnell’s membrane.
The tympanic ring is not a complete ring, w/ the dehiscence superiorly

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11
Q

Shrapnell’s membrane

A

Par’s flaccida

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12
Q

Meckel’s cave

A

The concavity on the sup portion of the temporal bone in which the gasserian ganglion (V) is located

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13
Q

Dorello’s canal

A

B/w the petrous tip and the sphenoid bone

The groove for CN VI

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14
Q

Gradenigo synd

A

2/2 to petrositis w/ involvement of CN VI

  • Pain behind the eye
  • Diplopia
  • Aural discharge
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15
Q

Macewen’s triangle

A

Suprameatal triangle
Posterior and superior to EAC
Bound at the meatus by the spine of Henle (otherwise called the suprameatal spine)
This approximates the position of the antrum medially.
Tegmen mastoideum is the thin plate over the antrum

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16
Q

Trautmann’s triangle

A

Demarcated by the bony labyrinth, the sigmoid sinus, and the superior petrosal sinus or dura

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17
Q

Citelli’s angle

A

The sinodural angle
Located b/w the sigmoid sinus and the middle fossa dura plate
Others consider the superior side of Trautmann’s triangle to be Citelli’s angle

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18
Q

Solid angle

A

angle formed by the 3 SCCs

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19
Q

Scutum

A

Thin plate of squamousa bone that constitutes the lateral wall of the epitympanum

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20
Q

Mandibular fossa boundaries

A

zygomatic, squamosa, & tympanic bones

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21
Q

Huguier’s canal

A

Transmits the chorda tympani out of the t bone anteriorly

Is lateral to the roof of the protympanum

22
Q

Huschke’s foramen

A

Located on the anterior tympanic plate along a nonossified portion of the plate
Near the fissures of Santorini

23
Q

Porus acusticus

A

The “mouth” of the IAC

The canal is divided horizontally by the crista falciformis

24
Q

3 parts of the inner ear

A
  1. Pars superior: vestibular labyrinth (utricle and SCCs)
  2. Pars inferior: cochlea and saccule
  3. Endolymphatic sac and duct
25
Q

4 small outpocketings from the perilymph space

A
  1. Along the endolymphatic duct
  2. Fissula ante fenestram
  3. Fossula post fenestram
  4. Periotic duct
26
Q

4 openings into the t bone

A
  1. IAC
  2. Vestibular aqueduct
  3. Cochlear aqueduct
  4. Subarcuate fossa
27
Q

Ponticulum

A

Ridge of bone b/w the oval window niche and the sinus tympani

28
Q

Subiculum

A

Ridge of bone b/w the round window niche and the sinus tympani

29
Q

Korner’s septum

A

Separates the squamosa from the petrous air cells

30
Q

Scala communis

A

Where the scala tympani joins the scala vestibuli

The helicotrema is at the apex of the cochlea where the two join

31
Q

Petrous pyramid

A

Strongest bone in the body

32
Q

IAC diameter

A

8 mm is the upper limit

33
Q

Cochlear aqueduct

A

Bony channel connecting scala tympani of the basal turn with the subarachnoid space of the posterior cranial cavity
Avg length in adults in 6.2 mm

34
Q

Tympanic plexus

A

= V3, IX, and X
V3 –> auriculotemporal n
IX –> Jacobson’s n
X –> Auricular n

35
Q

Outer ear blood supply

A

Posterior auricular art
Superficial temporal art
(Both from ECA)

36
Q

Foramen of Huschke

A

The incomplete ossification of the anterior bony canal produces an opening into the infratemporal region called this. Means of extension of malignancy to deep lobe of parotid.

37
Q

Fissures of Santorini

A

Naturally occurring defects in the cartilaginous portion of EAC. Provide avenue of spread to superficial parotid

38
Q

Pyramidal eminence

A

Pyramidal projection of bone in the posterior mesotympanum from which the stapedial muscle originates

39
Q

Cochleariform process

A

Bone in the anterior mesotympanum that anchors the tensor tympani muscle which turns 90 deg and becomes a tendon that connects to the malleus

40
Q

Ponticulus

A

Ridge of bone between round and oval windows

41
Q

Subiculum

A

Ridge of bone just anterior to round window

42
Q

Embryologic origin of ossicles

A

Attic portion are from 1st branchial arch
Mesotympanum portion are from 2nd branchial arch
Stapes footplate is from the otic capsule (primordial otocyst)

43
Q

Where does the chorda tympani exit the middle ear?

A

Petrotympanic fissure

44
Q

What are the branches off the facial nerve within the temporal bone?

A
  1. GSPN
  2. Stapedial
  3. Chorda tympani
45
Q

Function of chorda tympani

A
  1. Taste to ant 2/3 tongue

2. PARA to submandibular and sublingual glands

46
Q

Function of GSPN

A

PARA to lacrimal and minor salivary glands of nose

47
Q

Facial recess

A

Space medial to the end of the posterior ear canal but lateral to the vertical segment of CN VII

48
Q

Sinus tympani

A

The space medial o the vertical segment of CN VII. This is posterior to the posterior crus of the stapes

49
Q

Ampullopetal endolymph flow

A

Displacement of the cupula towards the vestibule provides an excitatory response.
Occurs in the HSCC.
The kinocilium are this oriented towards the utricle side

50
Q

Ampullofugal endolymph flow

A

Displacement of the cupula towards the canal provides an excitatory response.
Occurs in SSCC and PSCC.
Thus, the kinocilia are oriented towards the canal side.

51
Q

Stria vascularis

A

Forms the outer wall of the scala media and sits within the spiral ligament.
Highly vascular and metabolically active because its job is to create the high potassium concentration of the scala media.
Acts as the battery whose electrical current powers hearing.

52
Q

Outer hair cell function in the cochlea

A

Amplifier
Uses electromotility to elongate and shorten in response to receptor potential generated by stereocilia
This generates sound (OAE)
This refines the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mechanical vibrations of the cochlea.

Otology (10 decks)

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