Anatomy of the Digestive System 2 Flashcards
Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Pancreas and Liver
what quadrant does the stomach lie in?
LUQ
list the four stomach regions
cardiac, fundus, body, pyloric
what are rugae?
mucosal folds in empty stomach
name the layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach
oblique, sphincter, and longitudinal layers
what are the names of the two structures in the mucosa of the stomach?
gastric pits and gastric glands
which stomach cells produce mucous?
surface and neck cells
which stomach cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor?
Parietal Cells
which stomach cells produce pepsinogen and lipases?
chief cells
which stomach cells produce gastrin (g-cells)?
enteroendocrine cells
where are almost all nutrients absorbed? And what section are most absorbed?
Small intestine; Duodenum
What are Brunner’s Glands and where are they located?
secrete bicarb-rich mucous to neutralize the highly acidic chyme; located in duodenum of SI
What are formed by the joining of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct?
Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
what does the common bile duct do?
emulsifies fats
what does the main pancreatic duct do?
secrete exocrine pancreatic juice for digestion of proteins and carbs
what are the purposes of ampulla and papilla?
to deliver exocrine products from liver (bile) and pancreas (pancreatic juice) and facilitate digestion of nutrients
list the three sections of the small intestine and their length
Duodenum ~10’’
Jejunum ~8ft
Ileum ~12 ft
what are the three specializations in the wall structure of the small intestine?
plicae circulares, villi and microvilli
what are plicae circulares in the small intestine?
circular, permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa; increase absorptive surface and time; decrease from proximal to distal
What are the villi in the small intestine?
folds of epithelium and lamina propria (of the mucosa); each contain a network of capillaries surrounding a central lacteal (fat absorption)
What are located between the villi in the small intestine?
intestinal gland; mucous secreting goblet cells as well as hormone secreting endocrine cells; regulation of digestion and absorption
what are Peyer’s Patches and where can they be found?
lymphatic nodules; mucosa and submucosa of distal 1/3 of ileum; prevent infection with so much bacteria present
what quadrant is the liver located in?
RUQ
what are the four lobes of the liver?
right and left, quadrate, and caudate
what are the two ligaments of the liver?
round and falciform ligaments
what is the round ligament a remnant of?
umbilical vein
what is the purpose of the falciform ligament?
suspends the liver from the diaphragm above the anterior abdominal wall; divides the right and left lobes
What does the Porta Hepatis contain? (3)
Common bile duct, Proper Hepatic artery, Hepatic Portal Vein
What are formed by branches of a hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct?
Portal Triads
what is the name of a liver cell?
hepatocyte
in which direction does blood in arterioles and venules flow in the liver?
inward
in which direction does bile in canaliculi flow in the liver?
outward
what are the names of the spaces between hepatocytes?
sinusoids
what do the exocrine secretions of the pancreas do?
travel through the pancreatic duct into the duodenum to join the bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla
how long is the large intestine?
1.5 m
what are the portions of the large intestine (from right to left-clockwise)?
cecum and appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal
What cells line the LI and why?
goblet cells produce mucous to promote motility of feces through the bowel and simple columnar epithelia absorb water to dehydrate the waste
what are the accessory structures of the large intestine? And what are they?
haustra (segments of LI), tenia coli (smooth muscle), epiploic appendages (fat collections)
What specializations are found the the large intestine?
microvilli for absorption of water
what structure are in the wall of the large intestine? (4)
intestinal glands, microvilli, lots of goblet cells, some lymphatic nodules
