Anatomy of the Digestive System 2

Question 1

what quadrant does the stomach lie in?

Answer 1

LUQ

Question 2

list the four stomach regions

Answer 2

cardiac, fundus, body, pyloric

Question 3

what are rugae?

Answer 3

mucosal folds in empty stomach

Question 4

name the layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach

Answer 4

oblique, sphincter, and longitudinal layers

Question 5

what are the names of the two structures in the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 5

gastric pits and gastric glands

Question 6

which stomach cells produce mucous?

Answer 6

surface and neck cells

Question 7

which stomach cells produce HCl and intrinsic factor?

Answer 7

Parietal Cells

Question 8

which stomach cells produce pepsinogen and lipases?

Answer 8

chief cells

Question 9

which stomach cells produce gastrin (g-cells)?

Answer 9

enteroendocrine cells

Question 10

where are almost all nutrients absorbed? And what section are most absorbed?

Answer 10

Small intestine; Duodenum

Question 11

What are Brunner’s Glands and where are they located?

Answer 11

secrete bicarb-rich mucous to neutralize the highly acidic chyme; located in duodenum of SI

Question 12

What are formed by the joining of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct?

Answer 12

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

Question 13

what does the common bile duct do?

Answer 13

emulsifies fats

Question 14

what does the main pancreatic duct do?

Answer 14

secrete exocrine pancreatic juice for digestion of proteins and carbs

Question 15

what are the purposes of ampulla and papilla?

Answer 15

to deliver exocrine products from liver (bile) and pancreas (pancreatic juice) and facilitate digestion of nutrients

Question 16

list the three sections of the small intestine and their length

Answer 16

Duodenum ~10’’
Jejunum ~8ft
Ileum ~12 ft

Question 17

what are the three specializations in the wall structure of the small intestine?

Answer 17

plicae circulares, villi and microvilli

Question 18

what are plicae circulares in the small intestine?

Answer 18

circular, permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa; increase absorptive surface and time; decrease from proximal to distal

Question 19

What are the villi in the small intestine?

Answer 19

folds of epithelium and lamina propria (of the mucosa); each contain a network of capillaries surrounding a central lacteal (fat absorption)

Question 20

What are located between the villi in the small intestine?

Answer 20

intestinal gland; mucous secreting goblet cells as well as hormone secreting endocrine cells; regulation of digestion and absorption

Question 21

what are Peyer’s Patches and where can they be found?

Answer 21

lymphatic nodules; mucosa and submucosa of distal 1/3 of ileum; prevent infection with so much bacteria present

Question 22

what quadrant is the liver located in?

Answer 22

RUQ

Question 23

what are the four lobes of the liver?

Answer 23

right and left, quadrate, and caudate

Question 24

what are the two ligaments of the liver?

Answer 24

round and falciform ligaments

Question 25

what is the round ligament a remnant of?

Answer 25

umbilical vein

Question 26

what is the purpose of the falciform ligament?

Answer 26

suspends the liver from the diaphragm above the anterior abdominal wall; divides the right and left lobes

Question 27

What does the Porta Hepatis contain? (3)

Answer 27

Common bile duct, Proper Hepatic artery, Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 28

What are formed by branches of a hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct?

Answer 28

Portal Triads

Question 29

what is the name of a liver cell?

Answer 29

hepatocyte

Question 30

in which direction does blood in arterioles and venules flow in the liver?

Answer 30

inward

Question 31

in which direction does bile in canaliculi flow in the liver?

Answer 31

outward

Question 32

what are the names of the spaces between hepatocytes?

Answer 32

sinusoids

Question 33

what do the exocrine secretions of the pancreas do?

Answer 33

travel through the pancreatic duct into the duodenum to join the bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 34

how long is the large intestine?

Answer 34

1.5 m

Question 35

what are the portions of the large intestine (from right to left-clockwise)?

Answer 35

cecum and appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal

Question 36

What cells line the LI and why?

Answer 36

goblet cells produce mucous to promote motility of feces through the bowel and simple columnar epithelia absorb water to dehydrate the waste

Question 37

what are the accessory structures of the large intestine? And what are they?

Answer 37

haustra (segments of LI), tenia coli (smooth muscle), epiploic appendages (fat collections)

Question 38

What specializations are found the the large intestine?

Answer 38

microvilli for absorption of water

Question 39

what structure are in the wall of the large intestine? (4)

Answer 39

intestinal glands, microvilli, lots of goblet cells, some lymphatic nodules